A Versatile Passivated Protein‐Adsorption Platform for Rapid Healing of Vascular Stents by Modulating the Microenvironment

Abstract

Biodegradable stents have paved the way to treat coronary artery disease. However, rapid reendothelialization is required to solve the problems of mismatched degradation rates, localized inflammation, and insufficient biocompatibility. Herein, a novel passivated protein‐adsorption coating is synthesized by coordination chelation, oxidation, cross‐linking, polymerization, and deposition of dopamine, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and copper ions (Cu2+) using two‐electron oxidation. This coating exhibits hierarchical functionality, that is, at the macroscale, its superhydrophilicity conveys antifouling ability; whereas at the microscale, the active groups (quinone‐, amino‐, hydroxyphenyl groups and aromatic ring) facilitate protein adsorption. Antifouling ability prevents acute thrombosis and inflammation and maintains initial microenvironment stability post‐implantation. The active groups facilitate gradual endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion. Meanwhile, the decomposition of nitric oxide (NO) donors to release NO is catalyzed by Cu2+, and EGCG alleviates or prevents oxidative stress damage, inflammatory responses, thrombosis formation, and excessive smooth muscle cells proliferation in the stent microenvironment. This provides favorable conditions for the rapid and healthy growth of ECs. This study proposes a novel strategy for rapid neointima formation comprising healthy ECs on the surfaces of biodegradable stents by depositing a passivated protein‐adsorption coating (polydopamine/EGCG/Cu), opening new possibilities for the efficient treatment of coronary artery disease.

Two-electron oxidized polyphenol chemistry-inspired superhydrophilic drug-carrying coatings for the construction of multifunctional nasolacrimal duct stents

“…PDA exhibited rich color variations during the reaction: a light yellow color was observed in the first 5 min, which gradually deepened to orange, possibly due to p-p aggregation on the benzene ring and the transformation of dopamine into dopaquinone, forming a new absorption peak at 305 nm in the reaction solution. 39,40 As the reaction progressed, it was converted to a dopamine pigment at 480 nm and the color of the reaction solution gradually deepened to brown. The color change of the PDA/RAP solution from orange-red to brown-black was relatively drastic, indicating that RAP can undergo amine addition and imine formation reactions with dopamine, altering the electron distribution and gradually changing the solution color.…”