A Versatile Precursor System for Supercritical Fluid Electrodeposition of Main‐Group Materials

Abstract

A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. chlorometallate complexes we demonstrate the deposition of elemental Ga, In, Ge, Sn, Sb, Bi, Se, Te. In all cases, with the exception of Ga which is a liquid under the deposition conditions, the resulting deposits are characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman. An advantage of this electrolyte system is that the reagents are all crystalline solids that are reasonably easy to handle and that are not highly water or oxygen sensitive. The results presented here significantly broaden the range of materials accessible by electrodeposition from supercritical fluid and open the future possibility to deposit binary or ternary alloys and compounds of the p-block.

Tin, Bismuth, and Tin–Bismuth Alloy Electrodeposition from Chlorometalate Salts in Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…On the basis of the ratio of the anodic/cathodic charge, the coulombic efficiency for the Sn II/0 reduction of all three cycles is around 92 %, if complete anodic stripping of Sn is assumed. This value is considerably higher than the 70 % efficiency for the electrodeposition of tin from the same tin salt on gold in a CH 2 F 2 supercritical fluid . Sn deposition on a GC electrode from a 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIm‐DCA) ionic liquid gave a coulombic efficiency of 40 % …”

“…Studies of tin electrodeposited on gold electrodes from supercritical difluoromethane as well as from imidazolium‐ and pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids also revealed the formation of Au–Sn intermetallics. Such surface alloys were detected after deposition of as little as one monolayer of tin .…”

“…The diffraction pattern of the electrodeposited bismuth resembles those of bismuth coatings deposited on Au from supercritical difluoromethane and on TiN from [N n Bu 4 ][BiCl 4 ] in dichloromethane …”

“…[N n Bu 4 ][SnCl 3 ] and [N n Bu 4 ][BiCl 4 ] were prepared as described in the literature . The salts were added to 1:2 molar ratio mixtures of choline chloride/ethylene glycol (12CE) prepared as previously described .…”

Supercritical fluid electrodeposition, structural and electrical characterisation of tellurium nanowires

“…Previously we reported the voltammetry of the tellurium complex in scR32 at a gold disc working electrode 28 and this was complicated slightly by a reaction between the Te(IV) species and the gold. Here platinum electrodes were used to avoid such complications.…”