A Very Low Power Quadrature VCO with Modified Current-Reuse and Back-Gate Coupling Topology

Abstract

In this paper, a very low power modified current-reused quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) is proposed with the back-gate coupling technique for the quadrature signal generation. By stacking switching transistors in series like a cascode, the modified current-reused QVCO can be constructed in a totem-pole manner to reuse the dc biasing current and lower the power consumption. By utilizing the back-gates of switching transistors as coupling terminals to achieve the quadrature outputs, the back-gate coupled QVCO improves the phase noise and reduces the power consumption compared to the conventional coupling transistor based topology. Together with the modified current-reuse and back-gate coupling techniques, the proposed QVCO can operate at reduced supply voltage and power consumption while maintaining remarkable circuit performance in terms of low phase noise and wide tuning range. With a dc power of 1.6[Formula: see text]mW under a 0.8[Formula: see text]V supply voltage, the simulation results show the tuning range of the QVCO is from 2.36 to 3.04[Formula: see text]GHz as the tuning voltage is varied from 0.8 to 0.0[Formula: see text]V. The phase noise is [Formula: see text]118.3[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at 1[Formula: see text]MHz offset frequency from the carrier frequency of 2.36[Formula: see text]GHz and the corresponding figure-of-merit of the QVCO is [Formula: see text]183.7[Formula: see text]dBc/Hz.

A Survey on True Random Number Generators Based on Chaos

“…Contrary to current-mode, voltage-mode circuits require large capacitors and high gain ampli ers, which consume both power and area [73]. In addition, in sub-100 nm technology, the leakage current of the capacitor is larger, and its capacitance value has higher dispersion, which reduces the robustness of voltage mode design [74][75][76][77]. In recent years, the realization of chaotic oscillation circuits by current mode devices has become a new research direction, such as current followers (CF) [78], second-generation current conveyor (CCII) [79], current controlled current conveyor (CCCII) [80], current-feedback operational ampli er (CFOA) [81], Operational Transconductance Ampli er (OTA) [82] and unity-gain cells (UGCs) [83], etc.…”

A CNT based VCO with extremely low phase noise and wide frequency range for PLL application

“…Accordingly, an oscillator is desired that can achieve lower noise and power consumption over a wide range of telecommunication frequencies. Low‐power VCOs are extremely important due to the development of battery‐powered portable communication devices 1–4 . Moreover, these circuits have recently received attention because of their applications in home automation, wireless communication devices, and wireless sensor networks.…”

CCII and FPGA Realization: A Multistable Modified Fourth-Order Autonomous Chua’s Chaotic System with Coexisting Multiple Attractors

“…Many analog implementations of chaotic systems in electronic circuits have been reported in recent decades, such as the well-known breadboard with discrete components [10,13,27,28] and CMOS technology for integrated circuit (IC) design [12,23,24]. However, breadboard is not easy to carry, maintain, and store data, and IC design has a long cycle and high cost [83][84][85][86][87]. Meanwhile, in some chaotic information systems, digital implementation may be necessary, for example, in embedded chaos-based application areas and many other chaotic digital information systems.…”