A video analysis of the non-verbal behaviour of depressed patients before and after treatment

Ulrich, G.; Harms, Kimberly A

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(85)90011-4

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Freedman and Hoffman (1967) and Freedman (1972) found different clinical states to be associated with different patterns of body-focused gestures. In depressive patients interviewed on Days 0 and 21 of anti depressive pharmacotherapy, their gestural activity revealed that clinical improvement of the depression was accompanied by a decrease in their continuous body-focused hand gestures (Ulrich, 1977;Ulrich & Harms, 1985), and especially in left-hand "on body" gestures (Ulrich, 1977). In a catamnestic evaluation, a patient with irritable bowel syndrome and depression showed, even 1 year after the end of successful psychotherapy, a stable reduction in left-handed "on body" gestures relative to the gestural activity upon clinical admission (Lausberg, 1995).…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background Of The Neuroges Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2009

Behavior Research Methods

434

257

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Knowledge about gestural behavior is theoretically relevant for understanding cognitive, emotional, and interactive processes, but it also has far-reaching practical implications for diagnostics and therapy in the clinical context, for learning processes, and for obtaining communicative competencies. Thus, research on gestural behavior is conducted in several academic disciplines, including neuroscience, medicine, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and social sciences. Especially because of the shift in recent decades toward transferring information through visual media, a thorough knowledge of how gesture reflects and affects the gesturer's thinking and feeling, as well as of how it influences the recipient's cognitive and emotional processes, is becoming increasingly important.Despite many examinations carried through in various disciplines, the state of knowledge about the neuropsychology of gestural behavior has not developed far beyond the popular level (i.e., "body language"). This situation is partly due to methodological deficiencies in the analysis of gestural behavior. In many studies, gesture units and gesture types are not clearly defined, and interrater agreement is rarely examined. Furthermore, the assumptions behind the diverse gesture classifications applied in the studies are not made transparent, and sometimes there is an implicit claim that the particular coding system suits all research questions. In addition, different forms of presenting data (e.g., in terms of total numbers [n] of gesturesn/min, n/5 min, n/100 words, n/time speaking, n/time of interview, or logarithms-or of handedness-right vs. left hands only; right, left, or both hands; no differentiation of hand laterality; or handedness indices) are an obstacle for comparing the results of different studies and for gradually building up a corpus of knowledge on gestural behavior. By way of example, the apparent contradictions between study results on the relationship between aphasia (loss of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language) and gesture production/comprehension-that is, between an equally distributed deficit and a compensatory use of gestures (see, e.g., Lott, 1999)-are mainly due to a lack of scrutiny during development of the study methods.A similar situation exists in the area of media annotation, even when only the digital era is considered. A variety of tools are available to the public, each designed for a certain group of users with a specific task or a particular platform (operating system) in mind. The data produced by these tools are stored in various ways and in different formats. This is another obstacle to interoperability and comparison, in addition to those mentioned above.The XML (Extensible Markup Language) data produced by the majority of contemporary tools are a significant improvement on the old-time proprietary formats. XML data are relatively easy to transform, but nevertheless the conversion is rarely lossless. In an attempt to improve interoperability between tools from multiple modalities, ...

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Section: Theoretical and Empirical Background Of The Neuroges Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2009

Behavior Research Methods

434

257

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“…In the latter definitions, the underlying assumption stresses that retardation determines both motor and mental behaviour. To define psychomotor retardation more accurately, video-analysis of the non verbal behaviour of depressed patients and analysis of the perceptions of the clinician and their different weights in the diagnostic process (Ulrich & Harms, 1985) offer new research possibilities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fine motor retardation and depression

Sabbe

Hulstijn²,

Hoof³

et al. 1996

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Summary-New computerized techniques allow the precise measurement of psychomotor retar dation in patients with a major depressive episode (MDE). One such technique is the analysis of writing and drawing behaviour during figure copying tasks. In the present study, 22 inpatients with an M DE were compared to 22 normal controls. Three tasks were used; the drawing of lines and simple figures, the copying of complex figures and a task in which figures had to be rotated. Objectives were to provide support for earlier findings that the patients were slower than the controls and to explore the cognitive and motor processes involved. Two strategies were applied: analysis of the reaction time and movement time and their different components, and manipulation of the cognitive and motor demands. Patients showed considerable retardation with most of the kinematic variables. Motor deficits and cognitive slowing down contributed to this retardation. Cognitive difficulties increased with increasing complexity of the task.

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“…decreased facial expression may be coupled with gross motor restlessness [3]. Shorter duration of nonrepetitive action units may represent agitation, whereas longer repetitive movements may be a sign of retardation in depressive behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaviors that differentiate depressed patients from both psychiatric and healthy controls include increased frequency of body touching during videotaped interview sessions [2]. Ulrich and Harms [3] analyzed videotaped-based ratings of nonverbal behaviors and characterized two agitation factors as gross motor restlessness which included brief repetitive body touching, continuous hand-to-head and hand-to-hand touching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmentation of Behavior and Time Structure of Movements in Depressed Patients

Lemke

Koethe

Schleidt³

2000

Psychopathology

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Psychomotor alterations are fundamental psychopathological features of major depression and observable components of behavior. Human behavior is segmented into action units with a duration of a few seconds. Cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in depression may affect the time structure of movements. Therefore, upper limb movements (total n = 707) of depressed patients and matched healtyh controls were studied using videotaped interviews and frame-by-frame analysis with an accuracy of 40 ms. Both groups displayed a similar temporal distribution, but nonrepetitive action units were significantly shorter (median = 1.16 s) and repetitive units longer (median = 4.92 s) in depressed patients compared to controls (median = 1.93 and 3.01, respectively). Movement alterations were related to anhedonia and subjective severity of depression. Altered time structure of movements represents an observable psychopathological sign and may be relevant for pathophysiological and behavioral aspects in depression.

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A video analysis of the non-verbal behaviour of depressed patients before and after treatment

Cited by 41 publications

References 8 publications

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Coding gestural behavior with the NEUROGES-ELAN system

Fine motor retardation and depression

Segmentation of Behavior and Time Structure of Movements in Depressed Patients

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