A view from the edge: A stub-AS perspective of traffic localization and its implications

Yeganeh, Bahador; Rejaie, Reza; Willinger, Walter

doi:10.23919/tma.2017.8002900

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our work is also related to prior research efforts on (i) mapping the footprints of different large CP infrastructures (e.g., see [3,5,25,43,45] and also [2,7,9]); (ii) providing new insights into the structure and evolution of the AS-level Internet (e.g., see [17,33,35,41] and references therein), including intricate interconnectivity fabrics at the large IXPs across the world (e.g., see [4,8,11,13,40]); (iii) studying the flattening of the Internet (e.g., see [15,16,22,30,48]); (iv) exploring CDN-ISP collaborations (e.g., see [21,26,38,39]); and (v) optimizing content delivery to end users in a rapidly changing Internet (e.g., see [10,29,36,44,46,49] and references therein). Our study is complementary to these and similar efforts; it provides a detailed account of the connectivity fabric of Akamai's serving infrastructure and illustrates how this large CP leverages this fabric to optimize the performance of content delivery as experienced by the end users.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging interconnections for performance

Wohlfart

Chatzis

Dabanoglu

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

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Today's large content providers (CP) are busy building out their service infrastructures or łpeering edgesž to satisfy the insatiable demand for content created by an ever-expanding Internet edge. One component of these serving infrastructures that features prominently in this build-out is their connectivity fabric; i.e., the set of all Internet interconnections that content has to traverse en route from the CP's various łdeploymentsž or łserving sitesž to end users. However, these connectivity fabrics have received little attention in the past and remain largely ill-understood.In this paper, we describe the results of an in-depth study of the connectivity fabric of Akamai. Our study reveals that Akamai's connectivity fabric consists of some 6,100 different łexplicitž peerings (i.e., Akamai is one of the two involved peers) and about 28,500 different łimplicitž peerings (i.e., Akamai is neither of the two peers). Our work contributes to a better understanding of real-world serving infrastructures by providing an original account of implicit peerings and demonstrating the performance benefits that Akamai can reap from leveraging its rich connectivity fabric for serving its customers' content to end users.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging interconnections for performance

Wohlfart

Chatzis

Dabanoglu

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication

Self Cite

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“…Operators often also collect statistics about the tra c itself, usually using NetFlow/ [38,67,75]. These provide more detailed information about the ows crossing the network (e.g., layer-4 5-tuples, volumes in bytes and packet), and enable various management applications [52] (e.g., identifying major source/destination pairs [83], heavy-hitters [31], or detecting DDoS attacks [69,79]). Finally, operators monitor key performance metrics which are important for many end-to-end * O. Tilmans is supported by a grant from F.R.S.-FNRS FRIA applications, such as delays, packet losses, and retransmissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COP2: Continuously Observing Protocol Performance

Tilmans,

Bonaventure

2019

Preprint

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As enterprises move to a cloud-rst approach, their network becomes crucial to their daily operations and has to be continuously monitored. Although passive monitoring can be convenient from a deployment viewpoint, inferring the state of each connection can cause them to miss important information (e.g., starvation). Furthermore, the increasing usage of fully encrypted protocols (e.g., encrypts headers), possibly over multiple paths (e.g.,), keeps diminishing the applicability of such techniques to future networks.We propose a new monitoring framework, Flowcorder, which leverages information already maintained by the endhosts and records Key Performance Indicators ( s) from their transport protocols. More speci cally, we present a generic approach which inserts lightweight e probes at runtime in the protocol implementations. These probes extract s from the per-connection states, and eventually export them over for analysis. We present an application of this technique to the Linux kernel stack and demonstrate its generality by extending it to support . Our performance evaluation con rms that its overhead is negligible. Finally, we present live measurements collected with Flowcorder in a campus network, highlighting some insights provided by our framework.Problem statement How can we support the legitimate need of ne grained performance information from enterprise network operators in presence of encrypted, multipath protocols? Key challenges Designing a monitoring framework that answers this question raises at least four challenges. First, this framework must accurately depict the performance experienced by the end-hosts. This limits the applicability of active measurements, as this might hide issues speci c to 1

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Too Close for Comfort: Morasses of (Anti-) Censorship in the Era of CDNs

Gosain

Mohindra

Chakravarty

2021

Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies

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Recent research claims that “powerful” nation-states may be hegemonic over significant web traffic of “underserved” nations (e.g., Brazil and India). Such traffic may be surveilled when transiting (or ending in) these powerful nations. On the other hand, content distribution networks (CDNs) are designed to bring web content closer to end-users. Thus it is natural to ask whether CDNs have led to the localization of Internet traffic within the country’s boundary, challenging the notion of nation-state hegemony. Further, such traffic localization may inadvertently enhance a country’s ability to coerce content providers to censor (or monitor) access within its boundary. On top of that, the obvious solution, i.e., anti-censorship approaches, may sadly face a new dilemma. Traditional ones, relying on proxies, are easily discoverable. Whereas newer ones (e.g., Decoy Routing, Cache-Browser, Domain Fronting and CovertCast etc.) might not work as they require accessing web content hosted outside the censors’ boundary. We thus quantitatively analyzed the impact of web content localization on various anti-censorship systems. Such analysis requires geolocating the websites. Thus we adapted a multilateration method, Constraint Based Geolocation (CBG), with additional heuristics. We call it as Region Specific CBG (R-CBG). In more than 89% cases, R-CBG correctly classifies hosts as inside (or outside) w.r.t. a nation. Our empirical study, involving five countries, shows that the majority (61%−92%) of popular country-specific websites are hosted within a client’s own country. Further, additional heuristics classify the majority of them to be on CDNs.

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A view from the edge: A stub-AS perspective of traffic localization and its implications

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Leveraging interconnections for performance

Leveraging interconnections for performance

COP2: Continuously Observing Protocol Performance

Too Close for Comfort: Morasses of (Anti-) Censorship in the Era of CDNs

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