A Viewpoint on the Refinery of the Future: Catalyst and Process Challenges

Polymeric waste valorization at a crossroads: ten ways to bridge the research on model and complex/real feedstock

“…From this perspective, assuming an allowed margin for design modifications, we should get inspiration from the previous publications and patents so as to create new process strategies. 74 This message is probably far from new, but it is as important as ever in a scenario of a renewed interest in translating academic research into industry solutions. In terms of the use of refinery infrastructure to valorize waste, the new expression waste refinery has been coined 75 and significant industrial advancements has been developed in this direction, e.g., Neste Oil has made a great effort in plastic and animal waste valorization reproposing technology.…”

Empirical Models to Characterize the Structural and Physiochemical Properties of Vacuum Gas Oils with Different Saturate Contents

“…Petroleum is a mineral resource used to produce fuels for automotive and aviation transportation, light olefins (in the C 2 -C 4 range) and aromatics (mostly benzene, toluene and xylenes, BTXs)-the most valuable building blocks of the chemical industry [1]. The demand for oil-derived fuels is expected to decrease after 2030 due to the advances in clean energy generation and strong environmental concerns along with stricter policy [1]. In the next two decades, however, oil demand for petrochemicals is expected to increase by ca.…”

“…In the next two decades, however, oil demand for petrochemicals is expected to increase by ca. 4 Mb/d per year, achieving 34% of the total oil market in 2040, in contrast to the current 15% [1]. The role of the conversion processes which break the higher molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons to lower molecular weight ones is expected to grow in the future due to the increased demand of the building blocks for the chemical industry.…”

Promotion of C-S Bond Scission over Solid Catalytic Sulfides by Aromatics and Nitrogen Heterocycles

“…To improve hydropurification, both industry and academia have focused their efforts on the following: i) achieving ultra-deep desulfurization of the fuels to a near zero level of sulfur through the development of highly active catalysts, 1 and, ii) optimizing hydrogen consumption during hydrotreating due to its impact on the profitability of the process. 2,3 However, whether it will be feasible to achieve these two challenges simultaneously with the current crude oil quality remains an open question despite the long history of the field.…”