A virosomal vaccine against candidal vaginitis: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety profile in animal models

Bernardis, Flavia De; Amacker, Mario; Arancia, Silvia; Sandini, Silvia; Gremion, Christel; Zurbriggen, Rinaldo; Moser, Christian; Cassone, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.069

Cited by 107 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These antibodies have been shown to be protective in animal models of candidal vaginitis, constituting a rationale for the proposal of the recombinant Sap2 protein fragment as an anticandidal vaccine. [43][44][45] Immune responses and inflammation Similar to other body sites exposed to potential pathogens, the cervico-vaginal environment must be prepared to activate innate immunity and mount adaptive immune responses to control, if not eliminate, the pathogens. Consequently, the vagina is well equipped with many cellular and humoral factors, including dendritic cells (DC), as well as T-helper, regulatory and cytotoxic lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells producing protective cytokines and chemokines that can help recruit additional defensive factors from distant body sites.…”

Section: Secretory Aspartyl Proteinases and Candidal Vaginitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, immunity and vaccine prospects

Cassone

2014

BJOG

183

120

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Although a number of fungal species belonging to the genus Candida can cause acute vulvovaginal infection (VVC), Candida albicans is by far the most prevalent etiological agent, particularly for the most severe chronic condition known as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). This review focuses on recent advances in pathogenic mechanisms and host immune responses to C. albicans and on the utilisation of this information in the development of a vaccine to prevent and/or treat vaginal candidiasis. Currently, two vaccines with main or sole RVVC as clinical indication have completed a phase 1 clinical trial, and one of them has entered a phase 2 trial.

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Section: Secretory Aspartyl Proteinases and Candidal Vaginitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, immunity and vaccine prospects

Cassone

2014

BJOG

183

120

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“…58,59 Sap2p, a common expressed Sap is proved to be effective against vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in vivo and now has already gone through Phase I clinical trials against C. albicans infection. 60,61 Three Als vaccines, rAls1p-N (recombinant Nterminus of Als1p), 62 rAls3p-N (recombinant N-terminus of Als3p) 63,64 and NDV-3 (recombinant N-terminus of Als3p formulated with alum adjuvant) 65,66 have been explored to prevent candidal infections. Compared with rAls1p-N, rAls3p-N vaccine showed equal efficacy against disseminated candidiasis but was more superior in treating oropharyngeal or vaginal candidiasis.…”

Section: Epithelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immune cell response uponCandida albicansinfection

Qin

Zhang

et al. 2016

Virulence

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Candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus which is the predominant cause of superficial and deep tissue fungal infections. This microorganism has developed efficient strategies to invade the host and evade host defense systems. However, the host immune system will be prepared for defense against the microbe by recognition of receptors, activation of signal transduction pathways and cooperation of immune cells. As a consequence, C. albicans could either be eliminated by immune cells rapidly or disseminate hematogenously, leading to life-threatening systemic infections. The interplay between Candida albicans and the host is complex, requiring recognition of the invaded pathogens, activation of intricate pathways and collaboration of various immune cells. In this review, we will focus on the effects of innate immunity that emphasize the first line protection of host defense against invaded C. albicans including the basis of receptor-mediated recognition and the mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity.

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“…Several candidates are in the preclinical stage of development and two vaccines against Candida spp. are undergoing clinical trials (De Bernardis et al 2012;Schmidt et al 2012). Reviewed here are therapeutic and prophylactic strategies that rely on the immune system or specific immune components (Table 1).…”

Section: The Case For Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Against Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This protease hydrolyzes both structural and immune-associated proteins such as complement factors and immunoglobulins (Cassone et al 2007). Rats immunized with recombinant amino-terminal region of Sap-2 attached to H1N1 virosomes showed accelerated clearance of vaginal candidiasis, and were shown to produce IgA and IgG against Sap2 in vaginal fluid (De Bernardis et al 2012). Although results have not yet been published, a phase I clinical trial has been conducted (NIH 2010).…”

Section: Recombinant Protein Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%