A virus in Beechey ground squirrels that is related to hepatitis B virus of humans.

Marion, Patricia L.; Oshiro, Lyndon S.; Regnery, David C.; Scullard, George; Robinson, William S.

doi:10.1073/pnas.77.5.2941

Cited by 321 publications

(181 citation statements)

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“…Transfec-ease can be studied in transgenic animals [6][7][8][9] and animal modtion of primary tupaia hepatocytes with a replication-competent els for the related hepadnaviruses of the woodchuck, 10 the head-to-tail dimer HBV DNA construct was performed as described ground squirrel, 11 and the duck 12 exist, a reproducible experi-earlier, 19 routinely using 10 mg DNA per 100-mm tissue culture plate. mental small animal model for the study of human HBV The culture medium was changed daily and tested undiluted for the infection has not been established to date.…”

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Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Tupaia Hepatocytes In Vitro And In Vivo

et al. 1996

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treatment of tree shrews in China 15,16 as well For the systematic analysis of various clinical and moas the easy adaptation of these animals to the laboratory lecular aspects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, an environment, 17,18 we systematically analyzed the tree shrew experimental small animal system of HBV infection species tupaia belangeri for the study of HBV infection in would be a great advance. The susceptibility to HBV invitro and in vivo. fection, therefore, of hepatocytes from the tree shrew species tupaia belangeri was studied in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary hepatocytes isolated from livers of tupaias can be reproducibly infected with HBV. In vitro infectionTupaia Colony. For breeding purposes, animals (tupaia belangeri) were obtained from the German Primate Center, Göttingen, Gerresults in viral DNA and RNA synthesis in hepatocytes many. They were bred and maintained at the animal facilities of and secretion hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the University Hospital Zü rich in accordance with institutionally hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) into culture medium. Tuapproved protocols. Under optimal conditions (room temperature, paias can also be infected with HBV in vivo, resulting 28ЊC; relative humidity, 70%; day-night light cycle, 12 and 12 hours), in viral DNA replication and gene expression in tupaia the mothers give birth to two to three animals every 8 to 10 weeks. livers. Similar to acute, self-limited hepatitis B in hu-At birth, the animals are about 6 to 7 cm long (without tail) and mans, HBsAg is rapidly cleared from serum, followed weigh 16 to 19 g. Within 10 to 12 weeks, they reach adulthood with by seroconversion to anti-HBe and anti-HBs. These data an average length of 12 to 18 cm (without tail) and 180 to 200 g body weight. All animals were negative for serological markers of HBV clearly show that HBV is infectious to tupaia hepato- problem worldwide and is associated with a wide spectrum of exclusion, was 90% to 95%. The cells were washed and seeded at a clinical presentations, ranging from the asymptomatic HBV density of 3 1 10 6 viable cells/10 mL medium on collagen-coated 100-carrier status to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocel-mm tissue culture plates. Plating efficiency was 85%. Cells were lular carcinoma. 1 HBV represents the prototypic member of maintained in Williams' E medium with Glutamax J, buffered with the hepadnaviruses 2,3 and many molecular and clinical as-15 mmol/L hydroxyethyl piperazine ethane sulfuric acid (Sigma), pH 7.4, and supplemented with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (HybriMax, pects of HBV infection have been defined. 4,5 HBV naturally Sigma), 0.1 mmol/L insulin, 0.1 mmol/L dexamethasone, 100 mg/mL infects only humans and experimentally chimpanzees. While penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycine.various aspects of the pathogenesis of HBV-related liver disTransient Transfection of Primary Tupaia Hepatocytes. Transfecease can be studied in transgenic animals 6-9 and animal modtion of primary tupaia hepatocytes with a replicatio...

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confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Tupaia Hepatocytes In Vitro And In Vivo

et al. 1996

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“…The relationship between hepatitis and HBV has been established through the identification of HBV-DNA integration into human hepatocyte DNA, 51,52) and we suspected that the HCV virus also plays an important role. The cloning of human viruses triggered a rush of studies on carcinogenic mechanisms at the gene level.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Viral Hepatocarcinogenesis and Control Of Hepamentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention Strategy in Japan

Oda

1999

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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The study of human hepatitis, particularly in Asia, where the incidence rate has been the highest in the world, has contributed greatly to the understanding of carcinogenesis of the liver and related diseases. In this article, the history of research on hepatitis viruses and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the successful prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Japan are reviewed, focusing on the studies that resulted in the identification of vertical transmission of HBV infection and the association of HBV-sustained infection and HCC. The vaccination trials for preventing HBV vertical transmission and the fruitful outcome of the nationwide vaccination strategy in Japan, on the basis of "selective" immunization by using anti-HBs immunoglobulin (HBIG) and HB vaccine, are highlighted. Ongoing studies on the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis induced by viruses, e.g., the roles of viral proteins and inflammation, are also reviewed, and prospects for the control of HCC are discussed.

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“…for a period equivalent to their life expectancy has not From the 1 from infection, or were uninfected. We report our find- in ground squirrels.…”

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Non–Neoplastic Liver Disease Associated With Chronic Ground Squirrel Hepatitis Virus Infection

Cullen

Marion

1996

Hepatology

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Ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) was discov-We examined 95 ground squirrels to compare the histological appearance of liver sections from animals that ered in 1980 as a naturally occurring infection of were chronically infected with ground squirrel hepatitis Beechey ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) virus (GSHV) (n Å 29), uninfected (n Å 42), or had recov-from coastal California. 1 GSHV is a member of the hepered from infection (n Å 24). We studied the effects of adnavirus family along with woodchuck hepatitis virus long-term infection because these animals had been in-(WHV), duck hepatitis B virus, heron hepatitis virus, fected with GSHV for up to 10 years. Chronic infection and the prototype virus of the group, hepatitis B virus generally produced a mild, persistent hepatitis charac-(HBV). Hepadnavirus infections are characterized by terized by light lymphocytic and plasmacytic portal in-hepatotropism and the propensity to become chronic. carcinomas are common in WHV-infected woodchucks. 9,10 Very mild hepatitis was found in naturally and experimentally GSHV-infected ground squirrels in a 2-Abbreviations: GSHV, ground squirrel hepatitis virus; WHV, woodchuck year study. 11 However, a detailed histological study of hepatitis virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; GSHsAg, ground squirrel hepatitis chronically GSHV-infected ground squirrels infected virus surface antigen; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase.for a period equivalent to their life expectancy has not Received August 21, 1995; accepted February 6, 1996. from infection, or were uninfected. We report our find- MATERIALS AND METHODS

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A virus in Beechey ground squirrels that is related to hepatitis B virus of humans.

Cited by 321 publications

References 25 publications

Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Tupaia Hepatocytes In Vitro And In Vivo

Hepatitis B Virus Infection of Tupaia Hepatocytes In Vitro And In Vivo

Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prevention Strategy in Japan

Non–Neoplastic Liver Disease Associated With Chronic Ground Squirrel Hepatitis Virus Infection

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