A Vision-Based Navigation System for Perching Aircraft

Abstract

This paper presents the investigation of the use of position-sensing diode (PSD)-a light source direction sensor-for designing a vision-based navigation system for a perching aircraft. Aircraft perching maneuvers mimic bird's landing by climbing for touching down with low velocity or negligible impact. They are optimized to reduce their spatial requirements, like altitude gain or trajectory length. Due to disturbances and uncertainties, real-time perching is realized by tracking the optimal trajectories. As the performance of the controllers depends on the accuracy of estimated aircraft state, the use of PSD measurements as observations in the state estimation model is proposed to achieve precise landing. The performance and the suitability of this navigation system are investigated through numerical simulations. An optimal perching trajectory is computed by minimizing the trajectory length. Accelerations, angular-rates and PSD readings are determined from this trajectory and then added with experimentally obtained noise to create simulated sensor measurements. The initial state of the optimal perching trajectory is perturbed, and by assuming zero biases, extended Kalman filter is implemented for aircraft state estimation. It is shown that the errors between estimated and actual aircraft states reduce along the trajectory, validating the proposed navigation system.

A singularity‐free online neural network‐based sliding mode control of the fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle optimal perching maneuver

“…The advantage of perching is very obvious, it does not need a long runway when landing, and it can directly land on the desired position. In resent years, more and more researches have been focused on the perching maneuver of a fixed‐wing 1,2 …”

“…In resent years, more and more researches have been focused on the perching maneuver of a fixed-wing. 1,2 A perspective comprehension of the bird perching maneuver is shown in Figure 1 (left) which is from the webpage. 3 Comparison the vertical perch maneuver of birds, the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is further analyzed as shown in the Figure 1 (right).…”