A Vision of Pharmacy's Future Roles, Responsibilities, and Manpower Needs in the United States

Pharmacy, American College of Clinical

doi:10.1592/phco.20.11.991.35270

Cited by 116 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The scenario is similar in the US, where the training capability of specialist critical care pharmacists has been recognised as a major limitation to nationwide implementation of this clinical service [7]. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) also recognise that education and training is essential for the development of advanced pharmacists’ roles [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Level Practice Education: UK Critical Care Pharmacists’ Opinions in 2015

et al. 2016

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National UK standards for critical care highlight the need for clinical pharmacists to practice at an advanced level and above. The aim of this research paper was to describe the views of UK critical care pharmacists on the current provision of Advanced Level Practice (ALP) education and accreditation. It sought to identify whether there is a need for a national or regional training programme. A questionnaire was delivered electronically targeting UK critical care pharmacists. Whilst the response rate was low at 40% (166/411); the views expressed were representative of UK practitioners with the majority of responders meeting the national specifications for clinical pharmacist staffing in critical care areas. The responses highlighted work-based learning as the main resource for developing ALP and a lack of suitable training packages. The vast majority of pharmacists identified that a national or regional training programme was required for ALP. The results also identified the main barriers to undertaking ALP accreditation were lack of time, uncertainty regarding the process and its professional benefits and a lack of education and training opportunities. In conclusion, the responses clearly indicated that, for the necessary progression of critical care pharmacists to ALP, a national or regional training programme is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Level Practice Education: UK Critical Care Pharmacists’ Opinions in 2015

et al. 2016

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“…The National Health Service (Pharmacy in the Future) Plan for the year 2000 clearly emphasized on the need of community pharmacists to be more involved in promoting good health, offering counseling and supporting patients with chronic disease [58] and the new contractual framework for community pharmacy [59] [60] will enable pharmacists to develop this role even further. In the year 2000, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy issued a white paper, "A vision of pharmacy's future role, responsibilities, and manpower needs in the USA" with an aim to reinforce the pharmacist's patient-centred role [61]. However, one should not ignore the efforts made by other organizations such as the American Pharmacists Association and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists to support the expanded role of pharmacists and to increase recognition of the profession.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Care In Community Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the Role of Pharmacists in Patient Care: Are Pharmacists in Developing Nations Ready to Change?

Abduelkarem

2014

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Patient care in a community is becoming critical due to change in the impact of diseases on health. The provision of pharmaceutical care in a community will bring in positive changes in health care delivery. However, the pharmacist in developing countries has remained obscure in direct healthcare of the patient. The main aim of this article is to reinforce the concept that there is a need to strengthen the basic pharmaceutical system in the Arab and African world before implementing any advanced clinical pharmacy or pharmaceutical care services to our communities. This article gives a good insight of where pharmacy practice in Arab, African and other developing countries globally stand in comparison to developed nations. A trend is apparent towards increased emphasis on clinical pharmacy practice. Country-specific pharmacy education and practice are discussed, analyzing the progress and opportunities available to pharmacy graduates. In addition, the future of pharmacy practice and clinical roles of hospital and community pharmacists were reviewed. It was realized that pharmacy practice and progress in many of the Arab and African countries were a mirror image of the status of the country itself. A new vision for the future of pharmacy practice needs to be considered and reorientation of pharmacy services in the existing system is needed. There should be a professional approach to speed up the rise towards practicing clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical profession. This is achieved by interviewing patients, documenting their health details and educating them on methods of improving their health, including proper medication usage and lifestyle modification. Furthermore, colleges of pharmacy need to revise and update their curricula to accommodate the progressively increasing development in the pharmaceutical education and the evolving new roles of practicing pharmacists in their community.

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“…For pharmacists, this new role towards a more patient-centred care has become a new paradigm of pharmacy practice, leading to the development of patient information services, pharmaceutical care services, and the development of a clinical role for community pharmacists [ 10 , 11 ]. The work of Hepler and Strand [ 12 ], in the early nineties, was a milestone in this change, pointing out to the delivery of longitudinal advanced medication-related services, the rise of professionals’ level of responsibility, and the development of cooperative relationships with other health care professionals as essential features to this new role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Hepler and Strand [ 12 ], in the early nineties, was a milestone in this change, pointing out to the delivery of longitudinal advanced medication-related services, the rise of professionals’ level of responsibility, and the development of cooperative relationships with other health care professionals as essential features to this new role. However, this movement toward patient-centred care in community pharmacy has been taking longer than one would expect back in the nineties, much influenced by inner organizational barriers as well as several external factors such as the economic and legislative context, commercial pressures, government politics and/or policies, technological innovations, new therapies, support from other professionals, health system integration, and the personal attitudes of pharmacists and pharmacy leaders [ 10 , 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scenario-planning approach to human resources for health: the case of community pharmacists in Portugal

2014

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BackgroundHealth workforce planning is especially important in a setting of political, social, and economic uncertainty. Portuguese community pharmacists are experiencing such conditions as well as increasing patient empowerment, shortage of primary care physicians, and primary health care reforms. This study aims to design three future scenarios for Portuguese community pharmacists, recognizing the changing environment as an opportunity to develop the role that community pharmacists may play in the Portuguese health system.MethodsThe community pharmacist scenario design followed a three-stage approach. The first stage comprised thinking of relevant questions to be addressed and definition of the scenarios horizon. The second stage comprised two face-to-face, scenario-building workshops, for which 10 experts from practice and academic settings were invited. Academic and professional experience was the main selection criteria. The first workshop was meant for context analysis and design of draft scenarios, while the second was aimed at scenario analysis and validation. The final scenarios were built merging workshops’ information with data collected from scientific literature followed by team consensus. The final stage involved scenario development carried by the authors alone, developing the narratives behind each scenario.ResultsAnalysis allowed the identification of critical factors expected to have particular influence in 2020 for Portuguese community pharmacists, leading to two critical uncertainties: the “Legislative environment” and “Ability to innovate and develop services”. Three final scenarios were built, namely “Pharmacy-Mall”, “e-Pharmacist”, and “Reorganize or Die”. These scenarios provide possible trends for market needs, pharmacist workforce numbers, and expected qualifications to be developed by future professionals.ConclusionsIn all scenarios it is clear that the future advance of Portuguese community pharmacists will depend on pharmaceutical services provision beyond medicine dispensing. This innovative professional role will require the acquisition or development of competencies in the fields of management, leadership, marketing, information technologies, teamwork abilities, and behavioural and communication skills. To accomplish a sustainable evolution, legislative changes and adequate financial incentives will be beneficial. The scenario development proves to be valuable as a strategic planning tool, not only for understanding future community pharmacist needs in a complex and uncertain environment, but also for other health care professionals.

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A Vision of Pharmacy's Future Roles, Responsibilities, and Manpower Needs in the United States

Cited by 116 publications

References 69 publications

Advanced Level Practice Education: UK Critical Care Pharmacists’ Opinions in 2015

Advanced Level Practice Education: UK Critical Care Pharmacists’ Opinions in 2015

Extending the Role of Pharmacists in Patient Care: Are Pharmacists in Developing Nations Ready to Change?

A scenario-planning approach to human resources for health: the case of community pharmacists in Portugal

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