A voltage electrical distance application for power system load shedding considering the primary and secondary generator controls

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for determining location and calculating the minimum amount of power load needed to shed in order to recover the frequency back to the allowable range. Based on the consideration of the primary control of the turbine governor and the reserve power of the generators for secondary control, the minimum amount of load shedding was calculated in order to recover the frequency of the power system. Computation and analysis of the voltage electrical distance between the outage generator and the loads to prioritize distribution of the amount power load shedding at load bus positions. The nearer the load bus from the outage generator is, the higher the amount of load shedding will shed and vice versa. With this technique, a large amount of load shedding could be avoided, hence, saved from economic losses, and customer service interruption. The effectiveness of the proposed method tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators power system standard has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.

Ranking load in microgrid based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithm for load shedding problem

“…VED is the physical relationship in terms of voltage in the power system [24], [25]. Let 𝛼 ij = (𝜕𝑉 𝑖 /𝜕𝑄 𝑗 )/(𝜕𝑉 𝑗 /𝜕𝑄 𝑗 ) represent the voltage drop on the ith load bus relative to the faulty source bus.…”

Combinational load shedding using load frequency control and voltage stability indicator

“…− Step 5 : if the system frequency is below the critical frequency (fcret)=49.5 Hz then go to step 6, else if the load buses voltage is below critical voltage (0.95 P. U) then go to step, else No-Load Shedding print results and go to step 12. − Step 6 : compute the minimum amount of load to be curtailed (PLSmin) by (14). − Step 7 : compute the load to be curtailed from each load bus by the equation…”

“…Rudez and Mihalic [13] utilized the voltage magnitude of the load buses right after a disturbance to compensate the effect of reduced bus voltages on the system loading and consequently on the measured frequency gradients. Nghia et al [14] propose using of voltage electrical distance to make the priority of distributing the load shed by underfrequency load shedding scheme. Two novel local loadshedding strategies are presented in [15], which take the priority of UFLS to the buses with low-voltage in the system.…”

Minimize the load reduction considering the activities control of the generators and phase distance

“…This may cause inadequate or excessive load shedding compared to the value required. Some of the current load shedding methods used the swing rotor equation and voltage electrical distance application [13][14][15] to estimate the load to be cut. They combined with knowledge technology algorithms to calculate the minimum economic losses.…”