“…Such simple models are often the outcome of certain assumptions and approximations in what is called the domain integral formulation (treated in depth in [94]) of the forward-scattering problem. These assumptions usually have to do with: 1) treating an elastic wave problem (in a solid or porous medium) as an acoustic wave problem [13,27,41,34,42,8] (in a so-called equivalent fluid), 2) treating a microscopically-inhomogeneous (e.g., porous) medium as a macroscopically-homogeneous (effective) medium [7,18,17,19,5,58,93], 3) treating the bioacoustic, marine acoustic, electromagnetic and geophysical problem as one in which the mass density, or another constitutive property, is constant everywhere (i.e., is the same and spatially-constant within the obstacle as well as in the host) [65,30,64,73,22,23,45,74,66,27,84,55,52,15,34,96,7,29,57,5,78,36,37,86,96], 4) treating a 3D problem as a 2.5D, 2D or even 1D problem [72,24,94] (and many other references) 5) treating the potato as a sphere...…”