A Voyage From 3D to 4D Printing in Nanomedicine and Healthcare: Part II

Kumari, Gourvi; Abhishek, Kumar; Singh, Sneha; Hussain, Afzal; Altamimi, Mohammad; Madhyastha, Harishkumar; Webster, Thomas J; Dev, Abhimanyu

doi:10.2217/nnm-2021-0454

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Such stimuli that are strictly connected with the changes in shape, properties, and functionality of 4D printed structures can be both physical (temperature, humidity, light, electromagnetism, and mechanical force) and chemical (pH, chemical reactions, ion concentration, cross-linking, redox state of metal ions) and can be applied sequentially or simultaneously to trigger a permanent or temporary change in the 4D printed objects ( Figure 3 ). In addition, such stimuli can also be of a biological nature (e.g., biomolecules, enzymes, and cell traction force), which are of particular interest for the fabrication of 4D-bioprinted engineered living scaffolds that allow tissue repair and regeneration or a replicating cell population of living organisms [ 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: 4d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, 4D-printing represents a glimpse into the word of smart materials that can respond or adapt to environmental changes, biometric information, body temperature, pressure, or sweat, to name a few. Therefore, it is clear that the stimuli responsive materials must possess two key features to be used in 4D-printing: 1) printability according to the guidelines of AM technologies, and 2) sensitive to a stimulus, achievable intrinsically from the polymer matrix or by incorporating additives or fillers into the polymer matrix [62,63].…”

Section: D-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Intelligence-Empowered 3D and 4D Printing Technologies toward Smarter Biomedical Materials and Approaches

Pugliese

Regondi

2022

Polymers

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In the last decades, 3D printing has played a crucial role as an innovative technology for tissue and organ fabrication, patient-specific orthoses, drug delivery, and surgical planning. However, biomedical materials used for 3D printing are usually static and unable to dynamically respond or transform within the internal environment of the body. These materials are fabricated ex situ, which involves first printing on a planar substrate and then deploying it to the target surface, thus resulting in a possible mismatch between the printed part and the target surfaces. The emergence of 4D printing addresses some of these drawbacks, opening an attractive path for the biomedical sector. By preprogramming smart materials, 4D printing is able to manufacture structures that dynamically respond to external stimuli. Despite these potentials, 4D printed dynamic materials are still in their infancy of development. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) could push these technologies forward enlarging their applicability, boosting the design space of smart materials by selecting promising ones with desired architectures, properties, and functions, reducing the time to manufacturing, and allowing the in situ printing directly on target surfaces achieving high-fidelity of human body micro-structures. In this review, an overview of 4D printing as a fascinating tool for designing advanced smart materials is provided. Then will be discussed the recent progress in AI-empowered 3D and 4D printing with open-loop and closed-loop methods, in particular regarding shape-morphing 4D-responsive materials, printing on moving targets, and surgical robots for in situ printing. Lastly, an outlook on 5D printing is given as an advanced future technique, in which AI will assume the role of the fifth dimension to empower the effectiveness of 3D and 4D printing for developing intelligent systems in the biomedical sector and beyond.

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Section: 4d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D-printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered 3D and 4D Printing Technologies toward Smarter Biomedical Materials and Approaches

Pugliese

Regondi

2022

Polymers

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“…The common name of 4DP in the biomedical field is 4D bioprinting which is revolutionizing the biomedical sectors, especially drug delivery systems, tissue engineering (TE), and regenerative medicine. [197][198][199] The added and distinct advantage of this technology over tissue constructs fabricated through conventional approaches is that 4D-bioprinted tissue constructs possess the ability to change their functionalities and shapes in response to specific signals which may be physical, chemical, or biological. [200][201][202] This section elucidates the use of 4DP technology in the development of stents, TE, and drug delivery tools.…”

Section: Biomedical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applications of 4DP in drug delivery systems have covered a wider area in the prolonged drug release in the human body because some of the diseases required very slow drug injection into the human body for better results. [199] In this study, Melocchi et al [203] developed an expandable system for gastric retention depending on the shape memory behavior. Different prototypes were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol (GLY)-allopurinol (ALP) material via FDM printing process.…”

Section: Drug Delivery Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Khalid

Arif

Ahmed

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Shape-memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These structures are categorized into 4D-printed (4DPed) products which change their shape and properties over time dimension. 4D printing, a novel, multidisciplinary, and futuristic technology is expanding its utilization in different applications including healthcare, space, textile, soft robotics, defence, sports, aerospace, and automotive sectors. This review article focuses on the recent and insightful developments in the 4DP technology of SMMs especially shape-memory polymers. This review also integrates printing technologies, the programming of materials for specific actuating mechanisms, and the most recent applications of 4DPed structures/products. Future perspectives and countless opportunities of this 4DP technology are outlined to address the current challenges which will help evolve and promote this novel technology as the mainstream manufacturing approach for developing real-world products in a myriad of engineering sectors. 4DP technology progresses beyond imagination, since its inception and will promote technological and manufacturing renaissance in the material science field. This technology will profoundly impact manufacturing and daily human life in the future.

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“…Cartilage construct with combined mechanical and biological properties [55] Hybrid AM -Embryoid body-laden GelMA -PCL Tubular scaffold directing neural differentiation for spinal cord repair [56] path along the time dimension of the 'spacetime continuum' upon a stimulation from an external energy. Smart material is just one implementation of the 4D printing concept, even though many smart material-based biomedical devices have been 4D printed as extensively discussed in several reviews [62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”

Section: Multi-dimensional 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-material and Multi-dimensional 3D Printing for Biomedical Materials and Devices

Leong

2022

Biomedical Materials & Devices

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In recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has evolved into a "multi-x" era, such as multi-part design, multi-material, multi-process, multi-mode, multi-scale, multi-dimension, and multi-function. These emerging new features of AM present both tremendous opportunities and challenges for developing and regulating new and novel biomedical materials and devices. This paper focuses on two aspects, namely multi-material and multi-dimension AM. In multi-material 3D printing, the layering step is the key. Modifying the layering method yet without changing the solidifying or bonding principles governing the AM process can enable and significantly advance multi-material 3D printing. In multi-dimensional 3D printing, typically 4D printing and 5D printing, the meaning of "D" is suggested to refer to space-time dimension rather than the number of degrees of freedom in physical space. It is proposed in this paper that an alternative dimension (or 5D) for future 3D printing processes can be that of scale. Scale here refers the different levels of resolution that are used simultaneously within a print. In such a scale dimension, continuous printing of cross-scale or varied resolution design features in a single build process without affecting the overall printing speed and time would be highly desirable. This is probably the first paper reflecting on multi-material 3D printing from the perspective of layering and on multi-dimensional 3D printing with regard to its future development.

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A Voyage From 3D to 4D Printing in Nanomedicine and Healthcare: Part II

Cited by 20 publications

References 66 publications

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered 3D and 4D Printing Technologies toward Smarter Biomedical Materials and Approaches

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered 3D and 4D Printing Technologies toward Smarter Biomedical Materials and Approaches

4D Printing: Technological and Manufacturing Renaissance

Multi-material and Multi-dimensional 3D Printing for Biomedical Materials and Devices

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