2021
DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.652672
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A Vulnerability Assessment for a Future HIV Outbreak Associated With Injection Drug Use in Illinois, 2017–2018

Abstract: The current opioid crisis and the increase in injection drug use (IDU) have led to outbreaks of HIV in communities across the country. These outbreaks have prompted country and statewide examination into identifying factors to determine areas at risk of a future HIV outbreak. Based on methodology used in a prior nationwide county-level analysis by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we examined Illinois at the ZIP code level (n = 1,383). Combined acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) i… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…This may further exacerbate the disproportionate impact of the opioid crisis on rural areas. 28 , 29 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This may further exacerbate the disproportionate impact of the opioid crisis on rural areas. 28 , 29 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The methodology presented in Van Handel et al. (2016) has been adopted by state health departments to understand localized context of vulnerable counties for rapid HIV spread among PWID to geographically target the implementation of HIV prevention interventions [ 23 ] and has been extended to zip code [ 24 ] and census tract [ 25 ] geographical levels. These national and state-level analyses have led to a significant increases in authorization and implementation of SSPs across the country [ 26 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HIV-positive individuals have a higher incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and face nearly a threefold higher mortality on dialysis, compared to their HIV-negative counterparts [3][4][5][6]. HCV/HIV or HBV/HIV co-infection are frequent in people who inject drugs (PWID) [7,8]. HCC is a relevant cause of mortality in co-infected patients [9,10], since HIV-related immunosuppression enhances viral replication in liver cells contributing to HCC pathogenesis [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%