A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century

Cohen, Eliot A.; Shephard, Ben

doi:10.2307/20050183

Cited by 54 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Combat exposure is a known risk factor for an increased risk of PTSD (Prigerson et al, 2001;Rona et al, 2014;Xue et al, 2015). Chronic stress symptoms have been reported by military personnel who have returned from combat since at least World War 1 (Shepard, 2001). In a recent meta-analytic study, Xue et al (2015) found that combat exposure was one of the strongest predictors of PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for the presence and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic brain injury in U.S. service members and veterans

Lange

French

Baschenis

et al. 2022

Journal of Traumatic Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aimed to identify risk factors predictive of the presence and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reporting following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 1,301 U.S. service members and veterans (SMVs) divided into four groups: uncomplicated mild TBI (mTBI; n = 543); complicated mild, moderate, severe, and penetrating TBI (n = 230); injured controls (n = 340); and noninjured controls (n = 188). We examined 25 factors related to demographic, injury-related, military-specific, treatment/health care need, and mental health/social support variables. Seven factors were statistically associated with the presence of DSM-IV-TR symptom criteria for PTSD: premorbid IQ, combat exposure, depression, social participation, history of mTBI, need for managing mood and stress, and need for improving memory and attention, p < .001 (51.3% variance). When comparing the prevalence of these risk factors in a longitudinal cohort (n = 742) across four PTSD trajectory groups (i.e., asymptomatic, improved, developed, persistent), a higher proportion of participants in the persistent PTSD group reported worse depression, a lack of social participation, and history of mTBI. Additionally, a higher proportion of participants in the persistent and developed PTSD groups reported the need for managing mood/stress and improving memory/attention. When considered simultaneously, the presence of ≥ 1 or ≥ 2 risk factors was associated with a higher proportion of participants in the developed and persistent PTSD groups, ps < .001. These risk factors may be useful in identifying SMVs at risk for the development and/or persistence of PTSD symptoms who may need intervention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for the presence and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic brain injury in U.S. service members and veterans

Lange

French

Baschenis

et al. 2022

Journal of Traumatic Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hart advocated the individualization of treatment according to the patient's needs, and also realized that environmental change was sometimes important, that is, a decision by the patient to change his/her life circumstances. 11 The inter-war years…”

Section: War Neurosis and The Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bernard Hart (1879–1966) and his influence on British psychiatry

Davidson

Hart²

2021

J Med Biogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bernard Hart was among the most eminent 20th-century British psychiatrists. Following medical qualification at University College Hospital, London, he trained in psychiatry, which included two years studying in Paris and Zurich. He was appointed as the first psychiatric consultant at University College Hospital, then spent some time in Liverpool, where he specialized in treating war neurosis. Early in his career, Hart was one of the first to introduce the ideas of Freud and Janet, and the importance of unconscious processes, to the British public. After the First World War, Hart returned to University College Hospital, where he remained until 1947, building up a flourishing department. Hart was appointed to numerous senior offices and directed the psychiatric section of the British Emergency Medical Services in the Second World War. Hart is believed to be the last psychiatrist to certify someone (John Amery) as being of sufficiently sound mind to die for treason.

show abstract

“…Although acute and debilitating stress responses, particularly in response to combat, have long been documented (e.g., shell shock, battle fatigue, railway spine; erichsen, 1867; Shepard, 2001), a clinical syndrome to describe these reactions to stress was identified only in the latter part of the 20th century. in 1980, the American Psychiatric Association (1980) formalized posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a legitimate diagnostic category.…”

Section: Traditional Approaches To Stress Respondingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential pathways to resilience after loss and trauma.

Mancini¹,

Bonanno²

2012

Trauma Therapy in Context: The Science and Craft of Evidence-Based Practice.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nasty things happen. Loved ones die. Accidents, illness, violent events can befall any of us. Regrettably, most of us will experience at least one violent or life-threatening event over the course of our lives (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995), and almost all of us will experience the pain of a loved one's death. Although the stress of these experiences will certainly tax us, there are marked individual differences in the ways people react to and cope with highly aversive events (Bonanno, 2004;Mancini, Bonanno, & Clark, 2011). Some people suffer from chronic distress, recurrent intrusive memories, or sadness for years after such experiences. Others suffer more acute reactions and then gradually return to former levels of functioning. Still others show surprisingly short-lived reactions and a relatively rapid return to their previous levels of functioning. Finally, some people experience moderate difficulties that become worse over time. Growing evidence indicates that these different responses can be mapped onto a small set of prototypical response patterns or trajectories. The most common responses are captured by four trajectories: chronic distress, recovery, resilience, and delayed reactions (Bonanno, 2004). This variability in response underscores that not all people will experience these events as traumas; therefore, describing them as traumatic events is misleading. For this reason, we describe these events as

show abstract

A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Risk factors for the presence and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic brain injury in U.S. service members and veterans

Risk factors for the presence and persistence of posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic brain injury in U.S. service members and veterans

Bernard Hart (1879–1966) and his influence on British psychiatry

Differential pathways to resilience after loss and trauma.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About