A warm-liquid calorimeter for cosmic-ray hadrons

Engler, J.; Feßler, F.; Hörandel, J. R.; Holst, T.; Keim, H.; Mathes, H. J.; Mielke, H.H.; Milke, J.; Raidt, U.; Wochele, J.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00051-0

Cited by 100 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This causes the reconstructed hadron number density to flatten off at about 1.5 hadrons/m 2 . The reconstructed hadron energy density, on the other hand, is not affected by this saturation [26]. Radiation from high-energy muons can mimic hadrons.…”

Section: Hadron Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The experiment has three major components: an array of electron and muon detectors, a central detector mainly for hadron measurements but with substantial muon detection areas, The central hadron calorimeter is of the sampling type and has a fiducial area of 16×19 m 2 . A detailed description can be found in [26]. The energy is absorbed in an iron stack and sampled in eight layers of liquid ionization chambers with anode segments of 0.25×0.25 m 2 (appr.…”

Section: The Kascade Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, the algorithm for pattern recognition of hadrons in the eight layers of ionization chambers proceeds as follows [26]: Clusters of energy are searched to line up in the calorimeter and to form a track in different layers from which an approximate angle of incidence can be inferred. Then, patterns of cascades are searched for in the deeper layers.…”

Section: Hadron Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions measured in air showers by the KASCADE experiment

Antoni¹,

Apel²,

Badea³

et al. 2001

Astroparticle Physics

101

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Section: Hadron Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: The Kascade Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hadron Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions measured in air showers by the KASCADE experiment

Antoni¹,

Apel²,

Badea³

et al. 2001

Astroparticle Physics

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A 200 × 200 m 2 array of 252 detector stations, equipped with scintillation counters, measures the electromagnetic and, below a lead/iron shielding, the muonic parts of air showers. An iron sampling calorimeter of 16 × 20 m 2 area detects hadronic particles [6]. It has been calibrated with a test beam at the SPS at CERN up to 350 GeV particle energy [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with KASCADE air shower data

Hörandel

Apel²,

Arteaga

et al. 2009

Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements

Self Cite

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DOI: will be assignedThe description of high-energy hadronic interactions plays an important role in the (astrophysical) interpretation of air shower data. The parameter space important for the development of air showers (energy and kinematical range) extends well beyond todays accelerator capabilities. Therefore, accurate measurements of air showers are used to constrain modern models to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. The results obtained are complementary to information gained at accelerators and add to our understanding of high-energy hadronic interactions.

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“…Via these features muon arrival time distributions should carry some information on the mass of the EAS primaries, unless the intrinsic fluctuations of the muon generation processes and limitations of the detector response do obscure the discrimination. Experimental studies with these aspects are a current subject of the KASCADE experiment [17][18][19][20], taking use of the timing and muon detection facilities of the KASCADE Central Detector [21,22]. Experimental muon arrival time distributions have experienced various intriguing distortions which depend not only on the time resolution of the timing detectors, but also on the multiplicity, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions

Haeusler¹,

Badea²,

Rebel³

et al. 2002

Astroparticle Physics

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Event-by-event measured arrival time distributions of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) muons are affected and distorted by various interrelated effects which originate from the time resolution of the timing detectors, from fluctuations of the reference time and the number (multiplicity) of detected muons spanning the arrival time distribution of the individual EAS events. The origin of these effects is discussed, and different correction procedures, which involve detailed simulations, are proposed and illustrated. The discussed distortions are relevant for relatively small observation distances (R µ < 200 m) from the EAS core. Their significance decreases with increasing observation distance and increasing primary energies. Local arrival time distributions which refer to the observed arrival time of the first local muon prove to be less sensitive to the mass of the primary. This feature points to the necessity of arrival time measurements with additional information on the curvature of the EAS disk.

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A warm-liquid calorimeter for cosmic-ray hadrons

Cited by 100 publications

References 14 publications

Electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions measured in air showers by the KASCADE experiment

Electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions measured in air showers by the KASCADE experiment

Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with KASCADE air shower data

Distortions of experimental muon arrival time distributions of extensive air showers by the observation conditions

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