A water extract of Malva verticillata seeds suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption stimulated by RANK ligand

Abstract

BackgroundMalva verticillata seeds are used as a therapeutic medicine to treat kidney dysfunction in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). TCM has suggested that herbal medicine tonifying kidney function may have beneficial effect on bone metabolism.MethodsOsteoclastogenesis was examined in bone marrow macrophages by measuring tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and counting the number of TRAP-stained multinuclear cells. The activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK) ligand signaling, and the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) were investigated by western blot analysis. Transcription factor and bone resorption marker mRNA levels were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The bone resorption activity of mature osteoclast was examined in osteoclasts cultured on a hydroxyapatite-coated culture plate.ResultsA water extract of M. verticillata seeds (WEMV) inhibited osteoclastogenesis stimulated by RANKL. WEMV also strongly inhibited expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 as well as phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, I-kBα, and phospholipase γ2. Furthermore, WEMV significantly attenuated osteoclast resorption activity and downregulated mRNA expression of resorption markers.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that WEMV inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL signaling pathway and suggest that M. verticillata seeds may be used as a therapeutic candidate in complementary alternative medicine to treat pathological bone diseases.

Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data

“…Medicinal plants displaying antioxidant and protective effects could represent a new research field in the osteoporosis management (Xiao, Zhang, Tong, & Shi, ). Several studies suggested that antioxidant‐rich plants may regulate osteoblastic and osteoclastic functions, with protective effects on bone matrix (Kim et al, ; Menghini et al, ; Shim, Lee, Yim, Ha, & Ma, ). Despite revealing minor efficacy compared with synthetic drugs, adverse effects are rare (Tabatabaei‐Malazy, Larijani, & Abdollahi, ).…”

Malva: Food, Medicine and Chemistry

“…Authors conclude that medicinal activity should be related to synergims of compounds. 349 (see note after this reference).…”

“…K-S. Shim et al from Korea, report that water extract of M. verticillata suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. 349 M. verticillata is still providing modern research with new and very interesting compounds. One of these compounds was isolated and characterized by and her colleagues from ethanolic extract of the plant: verticilloside (Figure 9).…”

Antioxidant and Anticancer Effects of Malva verticillata Methanolic Extract

“…Free radical scavenging activity of M. verticillata ethanol extract has been reported, and it is found to have a significant reducing power (Bao et al, 2018). In another study, water extract of M. verticillata seeds showed bone resorption suppression and osteoclastogenesis (Shim et al, 2016). Glycosyl glycerides isolated from the M. verticillata demonstrated cytotoxicity to A549, HCT-15, AGS, HepG2 cancer cells (Ko et al, 2018).…”