A water-soluble tetrazolium salt useful for colorimetric cell viability assay

Tominaga, Hideyuki; Ishiyama, Munetaka; Ohseto, Fumio; Sasamoto, Kazumi; Hamamoto, Tomoyuki; Suzuki, Keiji; Watanabe, Masami

doi:10.1039/a809656b

Cited by 617 publications

(447 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This salt, which produces a highly colored formazan dye upon NADH reduction in the presence of 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazium methosulfate (1-methoxy PMS), can be used as a chromogenic reagent for NADH in cell viability or proliferation assay. 16,17) One hundred microliters of adherent cells (10×10 3 or 20×10 3 cells) in the logarithmic phase was inoculated onto a 96-well microplate in triplicate, and the plate was pre-incubated with RPMI medium with 1% FCS for 24 h in a CO 2 incubator at 37°C. Neurotrophins were added to the wells in triplicate.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Sugimoto

Kuroda

Horii

et al. 2001

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Sugimoto

Kuroda

Horii

et al. 2001

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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“…(31) Cells were first cultured in a steroid-deprived condition for over 3 days, and then Aenediol was added to the medium of cells in the absence or presence of E2 (1 pmol ⁄ mL). The proliferation assay was performed after 6 days' incubation with these steroids.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex steroid hormones in pairs of tumor and serum from breast cancer patients and pathobiological role of androstene‐3β, 17β‐diol

et al. 2011

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Estrogens play an important role in the pathobiology of breast cancer. In postmenopausal women, peripheral synthesis of estrogens from adrenal/ovarian androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or androstenedione (Adione), by estrogen-metabolizing enzymes is important. Besides estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2), androgen metabolites, such as androstene-3b, 17b-diol (Aenediol) or 5a-androstane-3b, 17b-diol (Aanediol), are known to have estrogenic functions, although they have been studied much less in breast cancer. To precisely elucidate steroid metabolism in breast cancer patients and to identify the pathobiological role of estrogenic androgen metabolites, concentrations of DHEA, Adione, Aenediol, Aanediol, E1, and E2 in pairs of serum and tumor tissue from patients with primary breast cancer were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation assays using Aenediol were performed for four breast cancer cell lines. Serous E2 concentration was extremely low in postmenopausal women; however, a marked increase in tumor tissue was observed in hormone receptor-positive cases. E1 concentration, in contrast, was sustained at a higher level, even in postmenopausal serum, and did not increase in tumor tissue irrespective of the hormone receptor status. Dehydroepiandrosterone was most abundant in all samples, and exhibited a similar pattern as Adione and Aenediol. 5a-Androstane-3b, 17b-diol was undetectable in most samples. Androstene-3b, 17b-diol proliferated estrogen receptor-apositive breast cancer cells in the absence of E2. The intratumoral increase of E2, but not E1, in hormone receptor-positive postmenopausal breast cancer tissue, as well as the proliferative role of Aenediol, was elucidated. (Cancer Sci 2011; 102: 1848-1854 E strogen plays an important role in the pathobiology of breast cancer.(1,2) In postmenopausal women, in whom ovarian function has decreased, the peripheral metabolism of estrogens via estrogen-metabolizing enzymes is important (Fig. 1). (3,4) Peripheral aromatase converts circulating androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (Adione), from the adrenal gland or ovary into estrogens. Steroid sulfatase (STS) hydrolyzes biologically-inactive sulfates of sex steroids, both estrogens and androgens, producing active steroids. 17b-Hydroxysteroid deydrogenase (HSD)-1 converts estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2), the most potent estrogen. In breast cancer tissue, aromatase, (3-7) STS, (8)(9)(10) and HSD-1 (11) have been reported to be abundant. An increase of E2 concentration in cancerous tissue, compared with the serum in postmenopausal women, has been explained by those enzymes localized in the tumor tissue.(4) Estrone sulfotransferase and HSD-2 play opposite roles to STS and HSD-1, respectively (Fig. 1). Aromatase inhibitors (AI) have been standardized for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, (12) in the expectation of decreasing estrogens. Inhibitors of STS (13) or HSD-1 (14,15) have been also devel...

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“…To study the materials' toxicity, A549 cells were exposed to the test materials and the remaining cell viabilities were measured using WST-8 assay.W ST-8, am itochondrial activity-based assay,w orks on the principle that soluble formazan is produced due to cellular reduction by dehydrogenase activities in viable cells. [10,[46][47][48] By normalising the absorbance intensities obtained with ac ontrols etup, where cells were not treated with any test materials, the extent of toxicity exhibited by the Group 5 ditellurides towards A549 cellsc ouldb ed etermined. Data collected from the WST-8 assay is illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Group 5 Transition Metal Ditellurides (MTe₂; M=V, Nb, Ta)

Chia

Latiff

Sofer

et al. 2017

Chemistry A European J

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Much research effort has been put in to study layered compounds with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) being one of the most studied compounds. Due to their extraordinary properties such as excellent electrochemical properties, tuneable band gaps, andlow shear resistance due to weak van derW aals interactions betweenl ayers, TMDs have been found to have wide applicationss uch as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions, supercapacitors, biosensors, field-effect transistors (FETs), photovoltaics, and lubricant additives. In very recent years, Group 5t ransition metal ditellurides have received an immense amount of research attention.H owevert od ate, little has been known of the potentialt oxicities posed by these materials. As such, we conducted the cytotoxicity study by incubating various concentrations of the Group 5t ransition metal ditellurides (MTe 2 ;M= V, Nb,T a) with human lung carcinoma epithelial A549 cells for 24 hours and the remaining cell viabilities after treatment was measured. Our findings indicate that VTe 2 is highlyt oxic whereas NbTe 2 and TaTe 2 are deemed to exhibit mild toxicities. This study constitutes an exemplary first step towards the understanding of the Group 5t ransition metal ditellurides' toxicitye ffects in preparation for their possible future commercialisation. IntroductionEver since the first isolation of graphene from graphite by Novoselove tal. in 2004, [1] two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have gained intensiveacademic and industrial research interest due to their extraordinarya nd unique properties. To date, a vast range of 2D nanomaterials have been reported;s uch examplesi nclude transition metal dichalcogenides( TMDs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), black phosphorus, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Among2 Dn anomaterials, TMDs are deemed to be one of the most studied layered compounds due to their extraordinary electrochemical properties. [9][10][11][12] TMDs have ag eneral chemical formula of MX 2 ,w hereby M represents at ransition metal (for instance Ti,V ,N b, Ta,M o, W, and so on) of a + 4o xidation state and Xi sachalcogen (S, Se, or Te)w ith a À2o xidation state . [9,13,14] Different permutations of thesee lements give rise to approximately6 0d ifferent TMDs, where two-thirds of these compounds are reported to assumel ayereds tructures. Generally,t ransition metals from Groups4 -7 generate compounds that are predominantly layered while some Group 8-10 transition metals give rise to three-dimensional crystal compounds. [14][15][16] Many TMDs possess al ayered structure akin to graphite, and within one layer of TMDs,t he transition metal is sandwiched between two chalcogens, hence resulting in the MX 2 stoichiometry.I th as been reported that the bonds within each layer are covalent, whereas the bonds between two different MX 2 layersa re typicallyh eld by van der Waals forces of interactions, thus allowing exfoliation of TMDs down to single layers. [9,[13][14][15][17][18][19] The unique and advantageous...

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A water-soluble tetrazolium salt useful for colorimetric cell viability assay

Cited by 617 publications

References 20 publications

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Sex steroid hormones in pairs of tumor and serum from breast cancer patients and pathobiological role of androstene‐3β, 17β‐diol

Cytotoxicity of Group 5 Transition Metal Ditellurides (MTe₂; M=V, Nb, Ta)

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A water-soluble tetrazolium salt useful for colorimetric cell viability assay

Cited by 617 publications

References 20 publications

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Signal Transduction Pathways through TRK‐A and TRK‐B Receptors in Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Sex steroid hormones in pairs of tumor and serum from breast cancer patients and pathobiological role of androstene‐3β, 17β‐diol

Cytotoxicity of Group 5 Transition Metal Ditellurides (MTe2; M=V, Nb, Ta)

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Cytotoxicity of Group 5 Transition Metal Ditellurides (MTe₂; M=V, Nb, Ta)