“…Iron deficiency or excess in the human body can cause a variety of diseases, such as skin diseases, insomnia, anemia, and so on. , Hexavalent chromium exists in the form of oxygenated compounds, CrO 4 2– and Cr 2 O 7 2– ions, which are carcinogenic in the human body. The excessive intake of Cr 2 O 7 2– ion can lead to liver and kidney damage, stomach ulcers, cramps, and even death. − TNP has attracted much attention in recent years as nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), which is more explosive than 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). , Due to its strong toxicity, destructiveness, and carcinogenicity, TNP has become one of the important sources of wastewater and air pollution. − In addition, some antibiotic drugs, such as ceftriaxone sodium (CRO) and tetracycline (TC), have wide applications in the treatment and prevention of diseases, but the misuse of antibiotics has exacerbated the hazards to water, air, and humans. − Currently, antibiotic wastewater is directly discharged into the water without proper treatment, causing serious pollution. − In order to detect heavy metals, TNP, and antibiotics in wastewater, some techniques have been mainly used, for instance, electrochemical techniques, , X-ray techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), , and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) . However, these techniques have some drawbacks including expensive equipment, complicated operation, and being time-consuming.…”