“…The utilization of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms in rainfall forecasting research has emerged as a significant approach for modelling complex, nonlinear phenomena, over the past few decades (Altunkaynak & Küllahcı, 2022; Chadalawada et al, 2017; Küllahcı & Altunkaynak, 2023a, 2023b; Mandal & Jothiprakash, 2012; Wang & Altunkaynak, 2012) These cutting‐edge technologies have proven to be highly effective in accurately predicting rainfall patterns, and overcoming the limitations of traditional statistical methods (Altunkaynak & Nigussie, 2017; Jaiswal & Malhotra, 2018). By combining multiple individual models or techniques, these hybrid methods have the potential to produce more robust and accurate predictions, leading to improved outcomes and advancements in the prediction field (Heidary & Abad, 2021; Küllahcı & Altunkaynak, 2023a, 2023b; Li et al, 2018; Ouyang et al, 2016; Pandey et al, 2019; Partal & Kişi, 2007; Solgi et al, 2014; Song et al, 2021; Yin et al, 2023; Zhao et al, 2021). A selection of studies on the utilization of both machine learning and signal processing techniques in the prediction of rainfall time series can be found in Table 1.…”