A welfare analysis of China's tariffs on U.S. hardwood products

Zhang, Xufang; Haviarová, Eva; Zhou, Mo

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102085

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…From the results of China's export status of wood forest products, it is found that although China is the world's largest exporter of wood forest products, the growth rate of trade volume has slowed down in recent years, and its proportion in the world's total trade volume has been declining year after year. From the supply-side perspective, the crisis of insufficient supply and rising prices of raw materials due to the global pandemic and politically motivated trade wars has affected the production of enterprises [38,39]. From the demand-side perspective, the demand in foreign markets is sluggish, and the existence of a series of trade barriers, such as high tariffs, also hinders the export of some Chinese enterprise products [40,41].…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export Growth and Quality Determination of Wood Forest Products: Evidence from China

Wan,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Forests

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The rapid-developed scale of China’s trade in wood forest products has undergone a considerable uptick. Concomitant with the evolution of high-quality development paradigms, product quality within trade frameworks has gained escalating scrutiny. Based on the statistical analysis of the export characteristics of China’s wood forest products, this study leverages BACI data spanning from 1998 to 2017. Utilizing regression-based inverse methods, the study quantifies the quality attributes of these export products, dissects fluctuations in quality, and places particular emphasis on the markets within “Belt and Road Initiative” economies to elucidate dynamic trends and spatial distribution characteristics of export quality in this geoeconomic domain. Based on this, the fixed effect model, random effect model, and system GMM are used to empirically examine the influencing factors of China’s wood forest product export quality. This study found that wood-based panel products have the highest quality, followed by paper products and wood furniture among the three major categories of wood forest products. Besides, the overall quality levels of the three products exported to countries participating in the Belt and Road initiative haven’t significantly changed, while notable changes are evident across divergent export destination markets. In addition, an empirical study on the influencing factors of the export product quality of wood forest products is conducted, which indicates that total factor productivity, R&D investment, capital intensity, labor costs, and foreign direct investment are influencing factors. Finally, based on the research conclusions, suggestions are provided on how to improve the export quality of wood forest products.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export Growth and Quality Determination of Wood Forest Products: Evidence from China

Wan,

Ban,

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…The cost of new machinery has continued to increase, along with the cost of fuel oil (H. Schienebeck, personal communication, April 13, 2020). The hardwood market in the upper Midwest has declined substantially since 2018 due to retaliatory tariffs from China that emerged from the trade war between the U.S. and China (Zhang et al, 2020). Declines in office and magazine paper purchases along with the economic shock of COVID-19 led to the idling of the Verso mills in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin and Duluth, Minnesota near the Wisconsin border.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Maxed Out on Efficiency”: Logger Perceptions of Financial Challenges Facing Timber Operations

Rissman

Geisler

Gorby

et al. 2020

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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Loggers play critical roles in forest management and resource production, yet supply chain pressures can challenge their economic sustainability. We examine logger perspectives on efficiency, financial challenges, and potential solutions from two contrasting perspectives: 1) business strategy and 2) treadmill of production, a sociological critique of resource production that links economic and ecological sustainability. To provide in-depth perspectives based on lived experiences, we conducted interviews with professional loggers and other stakeholders, focusing on firms with mechanized cut-to-length systems in Wisconsin and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Our qualitative analysis revealed the intersection of factors that help explain financial stress. Loggers work on contract or buy stumpage from landowners and then sell to mills. Perceived challenges included competition in stumpage markets, relationships to mills that disadvantaged small firms, debt from mechanization, and site access through variable environmental conditions. Loggers worked to increase efficiency and production volume, though some loggers expressed the limits of increasing efficiency and production for improving profitability. Proposed solutions to reduce financial stress included long-term mill contracts, access to loans, and improved financial literacy. Nonetheless, individual firm efficiency will not address structural challenges such as loggers' role in the supply chain between landowners and mills.

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“…Studies have also highlighted and examined the rise of China relative to traditional producers such as Italy and Germany, and lower income countries such as Poland, Indonesia, and Vietnam (Han et al, 2009; Łukiewska & Brelik, 2021; Nurkomariyah et al, 2019; Polyanskaya et al, 2020), as well as the decline of wooden furniture manufacturing in the United States due to import competition (Gazo & Quesada, 2005; Schuler et al, 2001). Studies specific to the trade war and wood products include Zhang et al (2020), who showed that retaliatory tariffs in China resulted in losses for both US hardwood producers and Chinese consumers but benefited US hardwood consumers through lower prices. Pan et al (2021) showed that bilateral trade in forest products between China and the United States dramatically decreased after China's retaliatory tariffs, and Muhammad and Jones (2021) showed that if China abolished its retaliatory tariffs, US exports of wood products to China would increase but would not return to pretrade war levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade war fallout: Exploring the altered landscape of US wooden furniture imports

Jiang,

Muhammad

2023

J of Agr & App Econ Assoc

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We examined the effects of the trade war on US wooden furniture imports by product category (kitchen, bedroom, other) and exporting source (e.g., China, European Union, Vietnam) using a two‐stage demand procedure and general nested demand framework. There were significant competitive relationships across exporting countries. However, when both trade creation and diversion were considered, competitive relationships either diminished or became complementary. Consequently, elimination of the trade‐war tariffs would increase imports from China but would also benefit countries like Vietnam. However, results indicate that imports from China would still be significantly less than pretrade war levels if the tariffs are eliminated.

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A welfare analysis of China's tariffs on U.S. hardwood products

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Export Growth and Quality Determination of Wood Forest Products: Evidence from China

Export Growth and Quality Determination of Wood Forest Products: Evidence from China

“Maxed Out on Efficiency”: Logger Perceptions of Financial Challenges Facing Timber Operations

Trade war fallout: Exploring the altered landscape of US wooden furniture imports

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