A Wheat Germ Medium for Rearing the Pink Bollworm1

Adkisson, Perry L.; Vanderzant, Erma S.; Bull, D. L.; Allison, W. E.

doi:10.1093/jee/53.5.759

Cited by 121 publications

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“…We ran this experiment from December 2008 to May 2009, and a single trial was conducted. As described under Insect a Diet refers to standard artiÞcial diet for pink bollworm, which is described in Adkinsson et al (1960). Gossypol is a secondary metabolite of cotton with antibiosis against pink bollworm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Evolution of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac

et al. 2012

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The evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, fitness costs may act to delay pest resistance to Bt toxins. Metaanalysis of results from four previous studies revealed that the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) imposed a 20% fitness cost for larvae of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), that were homozygous for resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, but no significant fitness cost was detected for heterozygotes. We conducted greenhouse and laboratory selection experiments to determine whether S. riobrave would delay the evolution of pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac. We mimicked the high dose/refuge scenario in the greenhouse with Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants and refuges of non-Bt cotton plants, and in the laboratory with diet containing Cry1Ac and refuges of untreated diet. In both experiments, half of the replicates were exposed to S. riobrave and half were not. In the greenhouse, S. riobrave did not delay resistance. In the laboratory, S. riobrave delayed resistance after two generations but not after four generations. Simulation modeling showed that an initial resistance allele frequency >0.015 and population bottlenecks can diminish or eliminate the resistance-delaying effects of fitness costs. We hypothesize that these factors may have reduced the resistance-delaying effects of S. riobrave in the selection experiments. The experimental and modeling results suggest that entomopathogenic nematodes could slow the evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops, but only under some conditions. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Evolution of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1AcAuthor (s) ABSTRACT The evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efÞcacy of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, Þtness costs may act to delay pest resistance to Bt toxins. Meta-analysis of results from four previous studies revealed that the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) imposed a 20% Þtness cost for larvae of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), that were homozygous for resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac, but no signiÞcant Þtness cost was detected for heterozygotes. We conducted greenhouse and laboratory selection experiments to determine whether S. riobrave would delay the evolution of pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac. We mimicked the high dose/refuge scenario in the greenhouse with Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants and refuges of non-Bt cotton plants, and in the laboratory with diet containing Cry1A...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Evolution of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry1Ac

et al. 2012

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“…For each family, Ϸ100 eggs from the F4 generation were placed in 137-ml cups with 75 g of artiÞcial diet (Adkinsson et al 1960). When wandering larvae emerged, all larvae present in the diet cup were counted, and six wandering larvae were selected at random to assay for phenoloxidase (PO) activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pink Bollworm Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis on Phenoloxidase Activity and Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Gassmann¹,

Fabrick²,

Sisterson³

et al. 2009

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Widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to Bt. Fitness costs can slow the evolution of Bt resistance. We examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on fitness costs of Bt resistance in the pink bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton,Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southwestern United States that is currently controlled by transgenic cotton that produces Bt toxin Cry1Ac. We tested whether the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) affected fitness costs of resistance to Cry1Ac in two laboratory-selected hybrid strains of pink bollworm reared on non-Bt cotton bolls. The nematode S. riobrave imposed a recessive fitness cost for one strain, and H. bacteriophora imposed a fitness cost affecting heterozygous resistant individuals for the other strain. Activity of phenoloxidase, an important component of insects' immune response, did not differ between Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible families. This suggests phenoloxidase does not affect susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes in Bt-resistant pink bollworm. Additionally, phenoloxidase activity does not contribute to Bt resistance, as has been found in some species. We conclude that other mechanisms cause higher nematode-imposed mortality for pink bollworm with Bt resistance genes. Incorporation of nematode-imposed fitness costs into a spatially explicit simulation model suggests that entomopathogenic nematodes in non-Bt refuges could delay resistance by pink bollworm to Bt cotton. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. ABSTRACT Widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to Bt. Fitness costs can slow the evolution of Bt resistance. We examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on Þtness costs of Bt resistance in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the southwestern United States that is currently controlled by transgenic cotton that produces Bt toxin Cry1Ac. We tested whether the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) affected Þtness costs of resistance to Cry1Ac in two laboratory-selected hybrid strains of pink bollworm reared on non-Bt cotton bolls. The nematode S. riobrave imposed a recessive Þtness cost for one strain, and H. bacteriophora imposed a Þtness cost affec...

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“…Os valores observados para o parâmetro, diferentes concentrações dos componentes nas dietas, foram semelhantes aos de Walker et al (1996) citado por Adkisson et al (1960), onde apresentaram a dieta com 100% da concentração dos componentes de uma dieta padrão foi a mais eficiente para o desenvolvimento do inseto.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Dietas artificiais incorporadas ou não a colmos triturados de variedades de cana-de-açúcar na biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Boiça¹,

Leonelo²,

Jesus

2011

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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ResumoO efeito de dietas artificiais incorporadas ou não com colmos triturados de variedades de cana-deaçúcar na biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) foi estudado. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Resistência de Plantas a Insetos do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV-UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no ano de 2007, utilizando-se dietas com diferentes concentrações de seus componentes (100, 75, 50 e 25% da concentração dos componentes de uma dieta padrão). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 X 3, sendo 4 concentrações de dietas e 3 tratamentos onde continham ou não partes de colmo, correspondendo a 12 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Foram avaliados o período e viabilidade larval, pupal e total; peso larval com 15 dias de idade; peso de pupas com 24 horas de idade e longevidade de adultos sem alimentação. A dieta com 100% da concentração de seus componentes é mais favorável ao desenvolvimento de D. saccharalis, enquanto aquela com 25% é menos favorável. A dieta com 100 % da concentração de seus componentes associada a presença de colmo da variedade SP80-3280 (suscetível) proporciona maior peso larval. Os pesos larval e pupal do inseto são afetados negativamente quando incorpora-se na dieta colmos secos triturados da variedade RB83-5486 (resistente). A dieta com 50 % da concentração de seus componentes proporciona, quanto ao peso larval, melhor discriminação entre os genótipos resistente e suscetível à broca da cana-de-açúcar. Palavras-chave: Insecta, broca da cana-de-açúcar, resistência de plantas AbstractIt was studied the incorporation or not of shredded stems of sugarcane varieties to artificial diets and their effect in the biology of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Plant Protection of FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2007, using diets with different amounts of their components (100, 75, 25 e 25% of concentration of the standard diet). The experiment had a complete randomized design in a 4x3 factorial scheme, using 4 concentrations of diets and three treatments, in a total of 12, with 6 replications. The larval, pupal an total periods and viability were evaluated, as well as the larval weight at 15 days, the pupal weight after 24 hours and the longevity of adults without feeding. The diet

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A Wheat Germ Medium for Rearing the Pink Bollworm1

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Evolution of Pink Bollworm Resistance to <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Toxin Cry1Ac

Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes on Evolution of Pink Bollworm Resistance to <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> Toxin Cry1Ac

Effects of Pink Bollworm Resistance to <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> on Phenoloxidase Activity and Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Dietas artificiais incorporadas ou não a colmos triturados de variedades de cana-de-açúcar na biologia de Diatraea saccharalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

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