A whole‐tree chamber system for examining tree‐level physiological responses of field‐grown trees to environmental variation and climate change

Medhurst, Jane L.; Parsby, Jan; Linder, Sune; Wallin, Göran; Ceschia, Éric; Slaney, Michelle

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01553.x

Cited by 63 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, most studies of plant metabolic scaling have been based on the aboveground parts and have ignored respiration of the roots, which is very difficult to measure (23). Furthermore, the flow of dissolved CO 2 in the sap brings into question the accuracy of estimating whole-tree respiration based on measuring small portions of large trees using the standard clamp-on chambers that are commercially available (16,(27)(28)(29)(30).Given the methodological difficulties inherent in whole-plant physiological studies, it is not surprising that there have thus far been no empirical measurements of complete whole-plant respiration, including roots, that have a reasonable sample size and encompass a wide range of plant sizes (2,22,26,(31)(32)(33)(34). Accurate and efficient methods using whole-plant chambers to measure respiration rates have recently been developed (5,18,19,(24)(25)(26) and can be applied to assess metabolic scaling (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Most data on whole-plant respiration have been acquired using indirect methods of estimation, limited to small plants, or focused on a narrow range of body sizes (2,5,15,16,18,19,(23)(24)(25)(26). Furthermore, most studies of plant metabolic scaling have been based on the aboveground parts and have ignored respiration of the roots, which is very difficult to measure (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the methodological difficulties inherent in whole-plant physiological studies, it is not surprising that there have thus far been no empirical measurements of complete whole-plant respiration, including roots, that have a reasonable sample size and encompass a wide range of plant sizes (2,22,26,(31)(32)(33)(34). Accurate and efficient methods using whole-plant chambers to measure respiration rates have recently been developed (5,18,19,(24)(25)(26) and can be applied to assess metabolic scaling (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurate and efficient methods using whole-plant chambers to measure respiration rates have recently been developed (5,18,19,(24)(25)(26) and can be applied to assess metabolic scaling (Fig. 1).…”

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Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Mori

Yamaji

Ishida

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

188

259

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The scaling of respiratory metabolism with body mass is one of the most pervasive phenomena in biology. Using a single allometric equation to characterize empirical scaling relationships and to evaluate alternative hypotheses about mechanisms has been controversial. We developed a method to directly measure respiration of 271 whole plants, spanning nine orders of magnitude in body mass, from small seedlings to large trees, and from tropical to boreal ecosystems. Our measurements include the roots, which have often been ignored. Rather than a single power-law relationship, our data are fit by a biphasic, mixed-power function. The allometric exponent varies continuously from 1 in the smallest plants to 3/4 in larger saplings and trees. The transition from linear to 3/4-power scaling may indicate fundamental physical and physiological constraints on the allocation of plant biomass between photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organs over the course of ontogenetic plant growth.allometry | metabolic scaling | mixed-power function | whole-plant respiration | simple-power function F rom the smallest seedlings to giant trees, the masses of vascular plants span 12 orders of magnitude in mass (1). The growth rates of most plants, which are generally presented in terms of net assimilation rates of CO 2 , are believed to be controlled by respiration (2, 3). Furthermore, many of the CO 2 -budget models of plant growth and carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems are based on whole-plant respiration rates in relation to plant size (2, 4-7). Thus far, however, there have been few studies of wholeplant respiration over the entire range of plant size from tiny seedlings to large trees. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the allometric scaling of metabolism by directly measuring whole-plant respiration over a representative range of sizes.For the past century, the scaling of metabolic rate with body size has usually been described using an allometric equation, or simple power function, for the form (8-17)where Y is the respiratory metabolic rate (μmol s −1 ), F is a constant (μmol s −1 kg -f ), M is the body mass (kg), and f is the scaling exponent. The exponent f has been controversial, and various values have been reported based on studies of both animals and plants (15). Recently, it was suggested that f = 1 for relatively small plants, based on data for a 10 6 -fold range of body mass (16), including measurements using a whole-plant chamber (18,19). If f = 1, this means that whole-plant respiration scales isometrically with body mass, which may be reasonable in the case of herbaceous plants and small trees because nearly all of their cells, even those in the stems, should be active in respiration. However, it was suggested that f = 3/4 based originally on empirical studies of animal metabolism (8). This idea is consistent with the mechanistic models of resource distribution in vascular systems (10, 11), including the pipe model (20, 21) and models based on space-filling, hierarchical, fractal-like networks of br...

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Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Mori

Yamaji

Ishida

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

188

259

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“…Furthermore, the application of a venting tube on the chamber wall can help to balance the pressure between the inside and outside of the chamber (Savage & Davidson 2003). On the other hand, other systems based on air and microclimate conditioning have been tested to reduce the chamber effects, but these systems lack portability (Medhurst et al 2006, Muller et al 2009). …”

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Canopy Chamber: a useful tool to monitor the CO2 exchange dynamics of shrubland

Guidolotti¹,

Dato²,

Liberati³

et al. 2017

iForest

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A transient state canopy-chamber was developed to monitor CO2 exchange of shrubland ecosystems. The chamber covered 0.64 m 2 and it was modular with a variable height. Several tests were carried out to check the potential errors in the flux estimates due to leakages and the environment modifications during the measurements inside the chamber. The laboratory leakages test showed an error below 1% of the flux; the temperature increases inside the chamber were below 1.3 °C at different light intensity and small pressure changes. The radial blowers inside the chamber created different wind speed at different chamber height, with faster speed at the top of the chamber and the minimum wind speed that was recorded at soil level, preventing detectable effects on soil CO2 emission rates. Moreover, the chamber was tested for two years in a semi-arid Mediterranean garrigue, identifying a strong seasonality of CO2 fluxes with the highest rates during spring and lowest rates recorded during the hot dry non-vegetative summer.

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Photosynthesis in silico

Laisk¹,

Nedbal²,

Govindjee³

2009

Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration

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The scope of our series, beginning with volume 11, reflects the concept that photosynthesis and respiration are intertwined with respect to both the protein complexes involved and to the entire bioenergetic machinery of all life. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration is a book series that provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art account of research in photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis is the process by which higher plants, algae, and certain species of bacteria transform and store solar energy in the form of energy-rich organic molecules. These compounds are in turn used as the energy source for all growth and reproduction in these and almost all other organisms. As such, virtually all life on the planet ultimately depends on photosynthetic energy conversion. Respiration, which occurs in mitochondrial and bacterial membranes, utilizes energy present in organic molecules to fuel a wide range of metabolic reactions critical for cell growth and development. In addition, many photosynthetic organisms engage in energetically wasteful photorespiration that begins in the chloroplast with an oxygenation reaction catalyzed by the same enzyme responsible for capturing carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. This series of books spans topics from physics to agronomy and medicine, from femtosecond processes to season long production, from the photophysics of reaction centers, through the electrochemistry of intermediate electron transfer, to the physiology of whole organisms, and from X-ray crystallography of proteins to the morphology or organelles and intact organisms. The goal of the series is to offer beginning researchers, advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and even research specialists, a comprehensive, up-todate picture of the remarkable advances across the full scope of research on photosynthesis, respiration and related processes.For other titles published in this series, go to

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A whole‐tree chamber system for examining tree‐level physiological responses of field‐grown trees to environmental variation and climate change

Cited by 63 publications

References 40 publications

Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Canopy Chamber: a useful tool to monitor the CO2 exchange dynamics of shrubland

Photosynthesis in silico

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