A wide diversity of epicormic structures is present in Myrtaceae species in the northern Australian savanna biome  -  implications for adaptation to fire

Burrows, Geoffrey E.; Hornby, S.K.; Waters, David; Bellairs, Sean M.; Prior, Lynda D.; Bowman, David M. J. S.

doi:10.1071/bt10107

Cited by 56 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in Australia, the unique epicormic anatomy (types A and B: Supplementary Table S1) of Myrtaceae, especially eucalypts, is known to be responsible for post-fire recovery 8,9,11 . Although scleromorphy in the Australian flora dates back to the late Cretaceous 21 , there is little direct charcoal fossil evidence for wildfire until the late Miocene 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We scored a matrix for five epicormic structural types across 66 myrtaceous taxa studied to date [8][9][10][11]50 and for their biome of occurrence (Supplementary Table S1). In the first (type A), the bud-forming cells comprise meristem strips (that is, radially oriented strips of cells of meristematic appearance) and are present at all depths in the bark, and in most cases probably extend a short distance into the outer secondary xylem.…”

Section: Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary

et al. 2011

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Fire is a major modifier of communities, but the evolutionary origins of its prevalent role in shaping current biomes are uncertain. Australia is among the most fire-prone continents, with most of the landmass occupied by the fire-dependent sclerophyll and savanna biomes. In contrast to biomes with similar climates in other continents, Australia has a tree flora dominated by a single genus, Eucalyptus, and related myrtaceae. A unique mechanism in myrtaceae for enduring and recovering from fire damage likely resulted in this dominance. Here, we find a conserved phylogenetic relationship between post-fire resprouting (epicormic) anatomy and biome evolution, dating from 60 to 62 ma, in the earliest Palaeogene. Thus, fire-dependent communities likely existed 50 million years earlier than previously thought. We predict that epicormic resprouting could make eucalypt forests and woodlands an excellent long-term carbon bank for reducing atmospheric Co 2 compared with biomes with similar fire regimes in other continents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary

et al. 2011

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“…This same effect (genetic cause) could be proved by the results of shoots per tree stock plant, where these patterns correspond to those reported by Meason et al (2016), which concluded there is high genetic diversity in Sequoia sempervirens, which include influencing epicormic budding. In the same sense, Burrows et al (2010) mention the genetic effect, in obtaining epicormic buds, which is usually caused by responses to stress or luminosity effect.…”

Section: Rescue Of Vegetative Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGETATIVE RESCUE AND ROOTING OF CUTTINGS OF DIFFERENT STOCK PLANTS OF Sequoia sempervirens

Pereira

Ângelo

Navroski

et al. 2017

CERNE

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Sequoia is a fast-growing, long-living species, producing durable timber. The aim of this study was to test different methods for the vegetative rescue of Sequoia sempervirens trees over 40 years old, made at different periods of the year, and, later, testing the rooting of individualized cuttings in planned arrays. Twenty-four individual sequoias were rescued, applying girdling and semi-girdling at three different heights (-10, 0, and 30 cm). The first collection was made 90 days after application of the treatments, being repeated at 150, 240, and 360 days. The percentage of budding trees and the number of shoots per array were registered. In all collections, shoots produced cuttings, which were placed for rooting in mini-tunnels. Cutting survival (%), rooting (%), and number of roots were registered, per array, and per collection. The species vegetative rescue proved to be efficient for the production of shoots for stem cuttings, especially with girdling at 30 cm and semi-girdling at -10 cm. However, it is difficult to define the best method, mainly because of the genetic effect among stock plants. The rooting of cuttings, of recovered material, presented good results (average >65%), also with great differences among stock plants. The potential for rooting of cuttings varied according to different planting periods, with high rooting rates in all seasons, especially in summer. Sequoia sempervirens shows the potential for vegetative rescue and cloning by rooting of cuttings, and this may lead to new studies, with a view towards fixing clones. RESGATE VEGETATIVO E ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE DIFERENTES MATRIZES DE Sequoia sempervirensRESUMO: Sequoia é uma espécie de rápido crescimento, longeva e de madeira durável. O objetivo do estudo foi testar diferentes métodos de resgate vegetativo em árvores com mais de 40 anos de idade de Sequoia sempervirens, realizados em distintas épocas do ano e posterior enraizamento de estacas individualizadas por planta matriz. Resgataram-se 24 indivíduos de sequoia, aplicando-se anelamento e semianelamento em três diferentes alturas (-10, 0 e 30 cm). A primeira coleta foi efetuada 90 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos, sendo repetida aos 150, 240 e 360 dias. Contabilizou-se a porcentagem de árvores com brotações e o número de brotações por matriz. Em todas as coletas as brotações originaram estacas que foram colocadas para enraizar em estufim. No enraizamento das estacas analisou-se a sobrevivência (%), enraizamento (%) e número de raízes por matriz por coleta. O resgate vegetativo da espécie mostrou-se eficiente na produção de brotações para a estaquia, destacando-se o anelamento a 30 cm e o semianelamento a -10 cm. Entretanto, há dificuldade em definir qual o melhor método, principalmente em função do efeito genético entre matrizes. O enraizamento de estacas do material resgatado apresentou bons resultados (média >65%), também com grande diferença entre as matrizes. Diferentes épocas de estaquia alteraram o potencial de enraizamento, contudo, com altos índices de enraiz...

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“…Compared to angiosperms, gymnosperms generally exhibit less ability to sprout (Bond & Midgley, 2003;Burrows et al, 2010;Meier et al, 2012), but epicormic branching is an ancient gymnosperm trait (Creber & Collinson, 2006;Decombeix et al, 2010) and a potential fire regime indicator (Burrows, 2002;Crisp et al, 2011). Epicormic sprouting is a generalized response to canopy injury (Lanner 2002), including from fire (Burrows, 2002;Burrows et al, 2010;Crisp et al, 2011), exhibiting intra-specific variation in response to type and severity of disturbance (Meier et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epicormic sprouting is a generalized response to canopy injury (Lanner 2002), including from fire (Burrows, 2002;Burrows et al, 2010;Crisp et al, 2011), exhibiting intra-specific variation in response to type and severity of disturbance (Meier et al, 2012). Epicormic branching occurs in a number of species in the genus Abies (Meier et al, 2012), including the closely related (Farjon, 2010) white fir (Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindley ex Hildebr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling initial mortality of Abies religiosa in a crown fire in Mexico

et al. 2016

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Aim of study: The objectives of this work were to determine which morphological and fire severity variables may help explain the mortality of adult Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., to model the probability of this species after being affected by crown fire, and to obtain more elements to classify the sacred fir in terms of fire resistance. This type of study is relevant to understand and estimate the impacts of crown fires on the climax forests formed by this species.Area of study: The burned forest was located in the southern Mexico City, borough. Material and methods:Morphological variables and fire severity indicators were collected for 335 Abies religiosa trees burned by a mixed severity fire. Logistic regression was used to analyze data and develop models that best explained tree mortality.Main results: Survival was 26.9%. The models for height (p≤0.0001), diameter at breast height (p=0.0082), crown length (p≤0.0001) and crown base height (p≤0.0001) were significant, with a negative relationship between each one of these variables and probability of mortality. The significant severity variables were lethal scorch height (p≤0.0001) and crown kill (p≤ 0.0001), which have a direct relationship with probability of mortality.Highlights: This species is moderately fire-resistant. Crown kill ≥ 70% markedly increases mortality. Silvicultural activities such as pruning, thinning and fuel management can reduce the risk of crown fires.

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A wide diversity of epicormic structures is present in Myrtaceae species in the northern Australian savanna biome - implications for adaptation to fire

Cited by 56 publications

References 49 publications

Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary

Flammable biomes dominated by eucalypts originated at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary

VEGETATIVE RESCUE AND ROOTING OF CUTTINGS OF DIFFERENT STOCK PLANTS OF Sequoia sempervirens

Modelling initial mortality of Abies religiosa in a crown fire in Mexico

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