“…Due to its singularity effect, OVB has a helical phase exp(i lφ ) in the wavefront structure, where l is the topological charge (TC) number which can take any integer value, φ denotes the azimuthal angle and ħ is the Planck constant. Since then, OVB has been widely used in quantum information processing [ 3 , 4 ], quantum entanglement [ 5 ], optical micromanipulation [ 6 , 7 ], optical communication [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] and nonlinear optics [ 11 , 12 ]. Hence, with the increasing demand for practical applications, OVB needs to be further studied: from generating [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] and measuring [ 16 ] to shaping OVB [ 17 ].…”