A Wideband Isolated Real-to-Complex Impedance Transforming Uniplanar Microstrip Line Balun for Push–Pull Power Amplifier

Maktoomi, Hedayatullah; Ren, Han; Marbell, M.N.; Klein, Victor; Wilson, Richard; Arigong, Bayaner

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2020.3019003

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The conventional series DPA depicted in Figure 1b typically employs a single transformer for two-way power combining, providing an OBO range of 6 dB. However, the transformers utilized in such topology generally require high coupling factors exceeding 0.7 [12], which is difficult to achieve in double-sided PCB and MMIC processes [31,32]. Consequently, implementing conventional series Doherty PAs in these processes presents notable challenges.…”

Section: Analysis Of Proposed Three-way Dpamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The input feed comprises a 2:1 unequal Wilkinson divider with an isolation resistor of 75 Ω and a lumped LC balun, splitting the input RF power to three paths with equal amplitude and proper phase difference. A lumped isolation circuit is inserted between the balanced ports of the lumped balun to enhance isolation between the two Auxiliary paths, thereby improving the circuit stability [31], as shown in Figure 10. The input matching network (IMN) is designed to maximize the bandwidth and minimize the input reflection coefficient.…”

Section: Design Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Broadband Three-Way Series Doherty Power Amplifier with Deep Power Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement for 5G Application

Que,

Li,

Wang

2024

Electronics

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This article presents a new broadband three-way series Doherty power amplifier (DPA) topology, which enables a broadband output power back-off (OBO) efficiency enhancement of up to 10 dB or higher. The proposed DPA topology achieves Doherty load modulation and three-way power combining through a transformer, which requires only a low coupling factor, thus facilitating its implementation in double-sided PCBs or monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) processes. The design equations for the proposed DPA topology are proposed and analyzed in detail. A proof-of-concept PA at the 2.1–2.8 GHz band using commercial GaN transistors was designed and fabricated to validate the proposed concept. Within the operating frequency band, it achieves a saturated output power (Psat) of 44.5–46.5 dBm with a peak drain efficiency (DE) of 60–72%, and 43–52% DE at 10 dB OBO. Moreover, under a 20 MHz long-term evolution (LTE)-modulated signal, the PA demonstrates a 36.8–37.5 dBm average output power (Pavg) and 47–53% average drain efficiency (DEavg). Notably, the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) is as low as −35–−28.2 dBc without any digital predistortion (DPD).

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Section: Analysis Of Proposed Three-way Dpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Broadband Three-Way Series Doherty Power Amplifier with Deep Power Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement for 5G Application

Que,

Li,

Wang

2024

Electronics

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“…It is mainly applied for facilitating the conversion between balance and unbalance, power combination and division, and high-frequency common-mode rejection, especially in power amplifiers and antenna feeding. 1,2 An ideal balun should provide low insertion loss, good impedance matching, and excellent phase balance. Over the past few years, a variety of balun circuits have been vastly investigated for improved performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Balun is a three‐port device and is widely used in RF systems at both the monolithic microwave integrated chips and the board‐level circuits. It is mainly applied for facilitating the conversion between balance and unbalance, power combination and division, and high‐frequency common‐mode rejection, especially in power amplifiers and antenna feeding 1,2 . An ideal balun should provide low insertion loss, good impedance matching, and excellent phase balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lumped‐element balun design with multi‐interference suppression for push–pull power amplifier

Xiang

Qin

et al. 2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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In this article, a lumped-element balun with multi-interference suppression is implemented and presented. Originated from the conventional lattice LC balun, the balun combining two Π-networks is expended to four new topologies. By constructing frequency traps and out-of-phase combining pathways, the new topologies can realize two-or three-interference suppression while maintaining well-matched input/output impedances. The concept is studied theoretically in both even and odd mode circuits, and analytical design equations are also derived. Based on the design theory, four interference suppression balun topologies are proposed for push-pull power amplifiers. To verify the design concept, two of the four topologies working at 1 GHz are prototyped and measured. The measured results agree well with the analysis and simulation results. The two baluns both achieve good performance with low insertion loss better than À3.9 dB, low return loss less than À13.6 dB, good interference suppression more than 24.7 dB, and small phase unbalance less than 0.8 . Furthermore, the proposed balun is used in a gallium nitride push-pull power amplifier to validate the 2nd and 3rd harmonic suppression. The amplifier works at 1 GHz with a typical gain of 16.7 dB. At least À45 dBc interference suppression, 52.6% power-added efficiency, and 34.6 dBm P1dB output power are obtained.

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“…W ITH the ever-increasing development of wireless systems, wideband interference suppression becomes a major challenge for the design of passive components. As a crucial component in wireless systems, the balun [1]- [9] has drawn great attentions recently. In [10]- [11], the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is applied to balun design with good in-band performance and low radiation loss, while it is limited by the narrow stopband and large size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Filtering Balun With Wide Stopband and Low Radiation Loss Using Hybrid Microstrip and Substrate-Integrated Defected Ground Structure

Tang

Luo

2021

IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett.

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In this letter, a novel hybrid microstrip and substrate-integrated defected ground structure (SIDGS) is proposed for filtering balun design. Coupled microstrip and SIDGS resonators can not only achieve 180 • phase imbalance with filtering response, but also realize wide stopband and wideband low radiation loss. Besides, the feature of stacked substrate packaging could reduce the size of the circuit and be flexible for integration. To verify this mechanism, a filtering balun operating at 3.08 GHz with 3-dB FBW of 45% is proposed based on hybrid microstrip and SIDGS, which exhibits the in-band amplitudeand phase-imbalances of ±0.5 dB and ±0.4 • , respectively. The stopband extends to 18 GHz with the rejection level of 20 dB, whereas the measured total loss (i.e., including radiation, metal, and substrate loss) is less than 15% up to 15.3 GHz.

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A Wideband Isolated Real-to-Complex Impedance Transforming Uniplanar Microstrip Line Balun for Push–Pull Power Amplifier

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

A Broadband Three-Way Series Doherty Power Amplifier with Deep Power Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement for 5G Application

A Broadband Three-Way Series Doherty Power Amplifier with Deep Power Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement for 5G Application

A lumped‐element balun design with multi‐interference suppression for push–pull power amplifier

Compact Filtering Balun With Wide Stopband and Low Radiation Loss Using Hybrid Microstrip and Substrate-Integrated Defected Ground Structure

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