A wireless battery-free eye modulation patch for high myopia therapy

Abstract

The proper axial length of the eye is crucial for achieving emmetropia. In this study, we present a wireless battery-free eye modulation patch designed to correct high myopia and prevent relapse. The patch consists of piezoelectric transducers, an electrochemical micro-actuator, a drug microneedle array, μ-LEDs, a flexible circuit, and biocompatible encapsulation. The system can be wirelessly powered and controlled using external ultrasound. The electrochemical micro-actuator plays a key role in precisely shortening the axial length by driving the posterior sclera inward. This ensures accurate scene imaging on the retina for myopia eye. The drug microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, and μ-LEDs’ blue light induces collagen cross-linking, reinforcing sclera strength. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the patch successfully reduces the rabbit eye’s axial length by ~1217 μm and increases sclera strength by 387%. The system operates effectively within the body without the need for batteries. Here, we show that the patch offers a promising avenue for clinically treating high myopia.

Curved and Annular Diaphragm Coupled Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for High Transmit Biomedical Applications

“…Specifically, the bandwidth is decreased by a factor of 10 compared to a single curved pMUT and by approximately 50 compared to a single annular pMUT. However, the main purpose of the study is to enhance the transmit efficiency not the bandwidth, which is the dominant obstacle in the applications using continuous waves or modulated waves such as therapy [4,5], biomedical particle manipulation [6][7][8], and neural stimulation [10]. Moreover, we would like to address the possibility of enlarging the bandwidth for the CAC-pMUT array, which is important for medical imaging [1-3] and gesture recognition [9] applications.…”

“…In the past decades, ultrasonic transducers have gained increasing popularity in applications such as medical imaging [1][2][3], invasive or non-invasive therapy [4,5], biomedical particle manipulation [6][7][8], gesture recognition [9], and neural stimulation [10]. The high transmit performance of the transducers is key for these applications to achieve enhanced pressure output with good signal-to-noise contrast (SNC).…”