A wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine

Steinmann, Mei; Bezugley, Rebecca J.; Bond, Stephanie L.; Pomrantz, Jill S; Léguillette, Renaud

doi:10.1111/jvim.15825

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, the renal plasma flow (RPF) [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72], glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [70,105,140,141], gut radius (R) [70,[142][143][144][145][146], luminal volume of the GI tract (V Lumen for the stomach and small intestine) [122], and the small intestinal transit time (T SI ) [122,[147][148][149][150][151] were obtained for each species. The detailed values including the anatomical volumes and blood perfusion rates to muscle (V MU , Q MU ) and skin (V SK , Q SK ) for the species-specific input variables are summarized in Supplementary Table S2.…”

Section: Data Collection and Basic Allometric Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Assessment of Metformin Absorption and Disposition Pharmacokinetics in Nine Species

Jeong

Jusko

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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The objective of this study was to systematically assess literature datasets and quantitatively analyze metformin PK in plasma and some tissues of nine species. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and profiles of metformin in nine species were collected from the literature. Based on a simple allometric scaling, the systemic clearances (CL) of metformin in these species highly correlate with body weight (BW) (R2 = 0.85) and are comparable to renal plasma flow in most species except for rabbit and cat. Reported volumes of distribution (VSS) varied appreciably (0.32 to 10.1 L/kg) among species. Using the physiological and anatomical variables for each species, a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model consisting of blood and two tissue compartments (Tissues 1 and 2) was used for modeling metformin PK in the nine species. Permeability-limited distribution (low fd1 and fd2) and a single tissue-to-plasma partition coefficient (Kp) value for Tissues 1 and 2 were applied in the joint mPBPK fitting. Nonlinear regression analysis for common tissue distribution parameters along with species-specific CL values reasonably captured the plasma PK profiles of metformin across most species, except for rat and horse with later time deviations. In separate fittings of the mPBPK model to each species, Tissue 2 was considered as slowly-equilibrating compartment consisting of muscle and skin based on in silico calculations of the mean transit times through tissues. The well-fitted mPBPK model parameters for absorption and disposition PK of metformin for each species were compared with in vitro/in vivo results found in the literature with regard to the physiological details and physicochemical properties of metformin. Bioavailability and absorption rates decreased with the increased BW among the species. Tissues such as muscle dominate metformin distribution with low permeability and partitioning while actual tissue concentrations found in rats and mice show likely transporter-mediated uptake in liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tissues. Metformin has diverse pharmacologic actions, and this assessment revealed allometric relationships in its absorption and renal clearance but considerable variability in actual and modeled tissue distribution probably caused by transporter differences.

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Section: Data Collection and Basic Allometric Scalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Assessment of Metformin Absorption and Disposition Pharmacokinetics in Nine Species

Jeong

Jusko

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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“…To measure GET, SITT, and OCTT, 3 video endoscopy capsules (ALICAM, Infiniti Medical, Palo Alto, CA, USA) were administered to each horse without sedation via a nasogastric (NG) tube as previously described [17] after the initial 12 h fast. Three capsules were used per horse to increase the success rate of collecting the capsules in the manure.…”

Section: Transit Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bit Chewing on Gastric Emptying, Small Intestinal Transit, and Orocecal Transit Times in Clinically Normal Horses

Patton

Andrews

Bogers

et al. 2023

Animals

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Ileus is a common life-threatening problem in horses, and currently available treatments may be ineffective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bit chewing, a form of sham feeding, decreases the gastric emptying time (GET), small intestinal transit time (SITT), and total orocecal transit time (OCTT) in clinically normal horses in a prospective crossover study. Nine healthy horses were acclimated and fed a standardized diet. Following 24 h of fasting, self-contained video endoscopy capsules and acetaminophen were administered into the stomach via a nasogastric tube. Each horse underwent experimental (bit chewing for 20 min every 6 h) or control (no bit chewing) conditions, with a 3-week minimum washout period between conditions. The horses were enrolled in either part of the study until all video capsules were retrieved and/or 30 days lapsed. The video capsules were recovered from manure, and GET, SITT, and OCTT were determined from a video analysis. Bit chewing significantly decreased OCTT (p = 0.015) compared to the control conditions. Bit chewing decreased GET and SITT, but the differences were not significant. The mean (median) times determined via the video capsule analysis for the bit-chewing conditions were as follows: GET, 2.34 h (2.86 h); SITT, 3.22 h (3.65 h); and OCTT, 5.13 h (6.15 h), and for the control conditions, they were as follows: GET, 3.93 h (5 h); SITT, 3.79 h (4.4 h); and OCTT, 8.02 h (9.92 h). Bit chewing decreased OCTT in healthy horses. Because this segment of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently affected by ileus, bit chewing may be a safe and inexpensive intervention for that condition in horses. Further investigation in clinical patients with ileus is warranted.

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“…The overall size of the capsule used in this work is 45 mm in length and 12 mm in diameter as shown in Fig. 1(B), which can be tested in large animals e.g., cows and horses [30]. The size of the sampling chamber in the proposed capsule is 250 µL and is sufficient to do the lab analysis after sample retrieval with the help of next generation sequencing techniques [31].…”

Section: ) Capsule Size and Storage Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Robotic Capsule for in vivo Sampling of Gut Microbiota

Rehan

Al‐Bahadly

Thomas

et al. 2022

IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett.

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Human gut microbiota can provide comprehensive information about the health of a host but the tools to collect microbiome samples are not currently available. A standalone wireless robotic capsule that has been developed in this study, collects the microbiota both from lumen (capsule surrounding) and intestinal wall (mucosa layer) for the first time. First, a two-way shape memory alloy (SMA) spring actuation system was developed by tackling the high-drain current requirement of SMAs. The actuator can produce a 800 mN force that was sufficient to collect samples. Second, successful encapsulation of the collected sample to avoid contamination was realised by testing 3 main sealing materials. Third, the robotic capsule was tested in a gut simulator that mimics in-vivo environment to ensure successful and safe travel of the capsule along the gastrointestinal tract. Finally an in vitro experimental setup that keeps an intestine alive for 6 hours was used to optimise the sample collection. The capsule collected 128 µL and 107 µL samples (which are sufficient quantities for microbiome analysis) from duodenual and ileal tissues of a sheep. The proposed robotic capsule has a potential to become a vital apparatus for clinicians to sample human and animal gut in the future.

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A wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Meta-Assessment of Metformin Absorption and Disposition Pharmacokinetics in Nine Species

Meta-Assessment of Metformin Absorption and Disposition Pharmacokinetics in Nine Species

Effects of Bit Chewing on Gastric Emptying, Small Intestinal Transit, and Orocecal Transit Times in Clinically Normal Horses

Development of a Robotic Capsule for in vivo Sampling of Gut Microbiota

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