In order to study the stability and safety of the foundation pit supporting structure system, the wireless tilting vibration sensor is used to discuss the underground monitoring of the underground engineering, the horizontal displacement monitoring of the foundation pit support and the deep foundation pit supporting structure. The actual measured data is compared with the mathematical simulation values. The results show that the foundation pit engineering and shield tunnel engineering can use the wireless vibration tilt sensor for underground engineering monitoring. The width of the foundation pit and the way of excavation are the main factors affecting the internal force and stability of the steel support. With the layered excavation of the foundation pit, the deformation of the retaining structure also has obvious segmental features. The subsection excavation according to the space-time effect can effectively reduce the lateral displacement of the retaining structure. Therefore, for the structural characteristics of underground engineering, the wireless vibration tilt sensor and the method of finite element numerical simulation are combined. The joint support system of steel support and retaining pile has a coordination relationship between deformation and force. The steel support can effectively control the deformation of the envelope structure. When the steel support is erected and 60% of the design axial force value is added, the deformation of the retaining structure can be better reduced. Furthermore, the safety and stability of the structure is increased.