“…The structure of a bulk mode resonators is typically simple to reduce the effects of spurious modes and is usually based on a beam, square or circular plate, or a ring. Any of surface acoustic wave [ 276 , 277 , 278 ], thickness shear [ 279 , 280 ], bulk acoustic wave [ 281 , 282 ], or extensional modes [ 283 , 284 ] can be selected for mass sensing among several other modes of vibration [ 283 ]. The selection of the mode shape is usually influenced by fabrication capabilities and the desired transduction mechanisms.…”