A yeast transcription factor bypassing the requirement for SBF and DSC1/MBF in budding yeast has homology to bacterial signal transduction proteins.

Morgan, Brian A.; Bouquin, Nicolas; Merrill, Gary F.; Johnston, Leland H.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00255.x

Cited by 97 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…interacts with Skn7, a protein that can promote CLN1 and CLN2 expression (Morgan et al 1995;Lenssen et al 2007). However, to date, no direct interaction between Ccr4 and G 1 -phase cyclin expression has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ccr4 Alters Cell Size in Yeast by Modulating the Timing of CLN1 and CLN2 Expression

Manukyan

Zhang²,

Thippeswamy

et al. 2008

Genetics

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Large, multisubunit Ccr4-Not complexes are evolutionarily conserved global regulators of gene expression. Deletion of CCR4 or several components of Ccr4-Not complexes results in abnormally large cells. Since yeast must attain a critical cell size at Start to commit to division, the large size of ccr4D cells implies that they may have a size-specific proliferation defect. Overexpression of CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, and SWI4 reduces the size of ccr4D cells, suggesting that ccr4D cells have a G 1 -phase cyclin deficiency. In support of this, we find that CLN1 and CLN2 expression and budding are delayed in ccr4D cells. Moreover, overexpression of CCR4 advances the timing of CLN1 expression, promotes premature budding, and reduces cell size. Genetic analyses suggest that Ccr4 functions independently of Cln3 and downstream of Bck2. Thus, like cln3Dbck2D double deletions, cln3Dccr4D cells are also inviable. However, deletion of Whi5, a transcriptional repressor of CLN1 and CLN2, restores viability. We find that Ccr4 negatively regulates the half-life of WHI5 mRNAs, and we conclude that, by modulating the stability of WHI5 mRNAs, Ccr4 influences the size-dependent timing of G 1 -phase cyclin transcription.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ccr4 Alters Cell Size in Yeast by Modulating the Timing of CLN1 and CLN2 Expression

Manukyan

Zhang²,

Thippeswamy

et al. 2008

Genetics

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“…RNA was extracted essentially as described in Ref. 31, and Northern blotting was performed with genespecific probes (32). Hybridization conditions were as described in the GeneScreen protocol (NEN Life Sciences).…”

Section: Yeast Strains and Growth Conditions-s Pombe Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Srk1 Protein Kinase Is a Target for the Sty1 Stress-activated MAPK in Fission Yeast

Smith

Toone

Chen

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The fission yeast stress-activated Sty1/Spc1 MAPK pathway responds to a similar range of stresses as do the mammalian p38 and SAPK/JNK MAPK pathways. In addition, sty1؊ cells are sterile and exhibit a G 2 cell cycle delay, indicating additional roles of Sty1 in meiosis and cell cycle progression. To identify novel proteins involved in stress responses, a microarray analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome was performed to find genes that are up-regulated following exposure to stress in a Sty1-dependent manner. One such gene identified, srk1؉ (Sty1-regulated kinase 1), encodes a putative serine/threonine kinase homologous to mammalian calmodulin kinases. At the C terminus of Srk1 is a putative MAPK binding motif similar to that in the p38 substrates, MAPK-activated protein kinases 2 and 3. Indeed, we find that Srk1 is present in a complex with the Sty1 MAPK and is directly phosphorylated by Sty1. Furthermore, upon stress, Srk1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a process that is dependent on the Sty1 MAPK. Finally, we show that Srk1 has a role in regulating meiosis in fission yeast; following nitrogen limitation, srk1؊ cells enter meiosis significantly faster than wild-type cells and overexpression of srk1 ؉ inhibits the nitrogen starvation-induced arrest in G 1 .

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“…Various functions of Skn7p differ in their requirement for the conserved phospho-accepting aspartate residue Asp-427. For example, cell wall assembly and regulation of the cell cycle requires Asp-427 (Brown et al, 1994;Morgan et al, 1995), whereas the requirement for Skn7p during resistance to oxidative stress does not depend on Asp-427 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

Jones

Greer‐Phillips²,

Borkovich

2007

MBoC

105

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Two-component systems, consisting of proteins with histidine kinase and/or response regulator domains, regulate environmental responses in bacteria, Archaea, fungi, slime molds, and plants. Here, we characterize RRG-1, a response regulator protein from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The cell lysis phenotype of ⌬rrg-1 mutants is reminiscent of osmotic-sensitive (os) mutants, including nik-1/os-1 (a histidine kinase) and strains defective in components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: os-4 (MAPK kinase kinase), os-5 (MAPK kinase), and os-2 (MAPK). Similar to os mutants, ⌬rrg-1 strains are sensitive to hyperosmotic conditions, and they are resistant to the fungicides fludioxonil and iprodione. Like os-5, os-4, and os-2 mutants, but in contrast to nik-1/os-1 strains, ⌬rrg-1 mutants do not produce female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) when nitrogen starved. OS-2-phosphate levels are elevated in wild-type cells exposed to NaCl or fludioxonil, but they are nearly undetectable in ⌬rrg-1 strains. OS-2-phosphate levels are also low in ⌬rrg-1, os-2, and os-4 mutants under nitrogen starvation. Analysis of the rrg-1 D921N allele, mutated in the predicted phosphorylation site, provides support for phosphorylation-dependent and -independent functions for RRG-1. The data indicate that RRG-1 controls vegetative cell integrity, hyperosmotic sensitivity, fungicide resistance, and protoperithecial development through regulation of the OS-4/OS-5/OS-2 MAPK pathway. INTRODUCTIONTwo-component regulatory systems are signal transduction pathways found in bacteria, Archaea, slime molds, fungi, and plants (for reviews, see Wolanin et al., 2002). Twocomponent systems have been implicated in responses to light, osmolarity, cellular redox status, nutrient and oxygen levels, virulence, and other factors (for review, see Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004). A basic two-component system consists of a histidine kinase and a response regulator (for review, see West and Stock, 2001;Wolanin et al., 2002). Histidine kinases autophosphorylate on a conserved histidine residue in the histidine kinase domain. The phosphoryl group is then transferred to an aspartate residue in the receiver domain on the response regulator. Complex two-component signaling pathways (also termed phosphorelays) contain hybrid histidine kinases that have both a histidine kinase domain and a response regulator receiver domain in the same protein, thus facilitating an intramolecular phosphate transfer reaction. The phosphate group on the aspartate residue is transferred to a histidine phosphotransfer (HPT) protein. Subsequently, the histidine phosphotransfer protein phosphorylates the receiver domain on a response regulator. Phosphorelays are the major two-component pathways in eukaryotic systems; however, two-component systems are not present in animals, making them ideal candidate targets for antimicrobial drugs (for review, see Alex et al., 1998;Wolanin et al., 2002;Borkovich et al., 2004).Many response regulators contain a ...

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A yeast transcription factor bypassing the requirement for SBF and DSC1/MBF in budding yeast has homology to bacterial signal transduction proteins.

Cited by 97 publications

References 58 publications

Ccr4 Alters Cell Size in Yeast by Modulating the Timing of CLN1 and CLN2 Expression

Ccr4 Alters Cell Size in Yeast by Modulating the Timing of CLN1 and CLN2 Expression

The Srk1 Protein Kinase Is a Target for the Sty1 Stress-activated MAPK in Fission Yeast

The Response Regulator RRG-1 Functions Upstream of a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway Impacting Asexual Development, Female Fertility, Osmotic Stress, and Fungicide Resistance inNeurospora crassa

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