A zero liquid discharge system integrating multi-effect distillation and evaporative crystallization for desalination brine treatment

Chen, Qian; Burhan, Muhammad; Shahzad, Muhammad Wakil; Ybyraiymkul, Doskhan; Akhtar, Faheem Hassan; Li, Yong; Ng, Kim Choon

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114928

Cited by 93 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nowadays, global warming and industrial pollution are becoming a more and more serious concern . People are forced to pay attention to the serious shortage of freshwater resources. − Traditional seawater desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO), , microfiltration, , ultrafiltration, , multieffect distillation, , multistage flash evaporation, adsorption, , etc., have the limitations of low efficiency, high cost, redundant operation, and huge energy consumption, which aggravate the greenhouse effect and environmental pollution, thus hindering their large-scale applications. Therefore, effective production of freshwater using clean energy as the input through a much more practical way should be a priority.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Functional Graphene Oxide-Based Photothermal Materials with Aligned Channels and Oleophobicity for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

et al. 2021

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Desalination by solar steam generation (SSG) has emerged as one of the most efficient approaches to address the issue of global water shortage. In this work, novel graphene oxide (GO)-based solar steam generators (GO-SSGs) with aligned channels were prepared by directional freezing and simple carbonization of a hydrogel composed of GO and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Benefitting from their excellent light absorption (light absorption efficiency exceeds 94%), better thermal insulation (thermal conductivity, 0.259 W/(m K)), and suitable porous structure, which facilitates rapid water transportation, the GO-SSGs show superior SSG performance with a high solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 92% achieved under an irradiation of 1.0 kW/m 2 . Interestingly, uniquely aligned channels endow them with good salt-rejection performance; the solar energy conversion efficiency of GO-SSGs in 20 wt % NaCl, KCl, and MgCl 2 brine can reach more than 85%. To improve their antifouling performance, a chemically hydrophilic and oleophobic modification was conducted, making it possible to run SSG even in oily wastewater; for instance, a solar energy conversion efficiency of 84% was obtained in an aqueous solution containing 10 wt % n-hexadecane. Compared with the existing photothermal materials, these materials show advantages of simple manufacture, high SSG efficiency, superior salt tolerance, and antifouling performance, which make them promising candidates as a kind of new high-performance photothermal materials for desalination even in oily wastewater, thus further expanding the scope of their practical SSG application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Functional Graphene Oxide-Based Photothermal Materials with Aligned Channels and Oleophobicity for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

et al. 2021

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“…However, the extent of STEC improvement requires further evaluation on an individual plant basis. A ZLD seawater brine treatment using a multieffect distillation (MED) and evaporative crystallization system reported STECs ranging from 168 to 305 kWh/m 3 ; however, this system did not utilize waste heat . Additionally, thermal-based multistage flash (MSF) and MED processes have lower STECs as well, ranging from 10 to 120 kWh/m 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A ZLD seawater brine treatment using a multieffect distillation (MED) and evaporative crystallization system reported STECs ranging from 168 to 305 kWh/m 3 ; however, this system did not utilize waste heat. 45 Additionally, thermal-based multistage flash (MSF) and MED processes have lower STECs as well, ranging from 10 to 120 kWh/m 3 . 46 STECs are not typically reported for nonthermal-based filtration processes, but the reported STEC for a RO processnot focused on waste heat utilizationwas substantially lower (<10 kWh/m 3 ).…”

Section: Fouling Of Membrane Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis–Membrane Distillation Process for Zero Liquid Discharge of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater

et al. 2021

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A bench-scale forward osmosis−membrane distillation (FO−MD) system was applied to flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater generated at coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) focusing on water recovery, salt rejection, thermal energy demands, and potential for harvesting low-grade waste heat. With the use of flat-sheet cellulose triacetate (CTA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes, treatment of synthetic and collected FGD wastewater was evaluated across a range of applicable temperatures (43.3−65.5 °C) and draw solutions (NaCl, CaCl 2 , PAA-Na). Highest water fluxes were observed at the highest NaCl and CaCl 2 draw solution concentrations (3.4 M) and temperatures (65.5 °C) evaluated, with FO and MD fluxes reaching 37 and 25 LMH, respectively. The FO−MD system achieved over 99.8% rejection of all surveyed components (Na, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cl − , SO 4 2− ), producing permeate with conductivities below 105 μS/cm. An 89% water recovery occurred using a 3.4 M sodium chloride draw solution. While the FO−MD process is capable of treating FGD wastewater, basic osmotic backwashing was insufficient at restoring the FO membrane water flux. Further investigation of membrane fouling and scaling is warranted. Investigation of the required heat for MD indicates that adequate low-grade waste heat sources are available on-site, suggesting the FO−MD process can be an effective, energy efficient, and sustainable treatment technology for FGD wastewater.

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“…They measured the degree of superheat ranges from 2 K to 18 K with the feed water temperatures from 40 to 70 • C at assorted flow rates. Chen et al [42][43][44] also simulated the droplet evaporation processes in a single-stage configuration and observed the relationship between increasing water productivity with initial droplet velocity. They highlighted that smaller droplet of feed are essential parameters for enhancing the evaporation processes.…”

Section: Direct-contact Spray Evaporation and Condensation (Dcsec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermally-Driven Seawater Desalination System: Proof of Concept and Vision for Future Sustainability

et al. 2022

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A zero liquid discharge system integrating multi-effect distillation and evaporative crystallization for desalination brine treatment

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

Dual-Functional Graphene Oxide-Based Photothermal Materials with Aligned Channels and Oleophobicity for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

Dual-Functional Graphene Oxide-Based Photothermal Materials with Aligned Channels and Oleophobicity for Efficient Solar Steam Generation

Forward Osmosis–Membrane Distillation Process for Zero Liquid Discharge of Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater

A Thermally-Driven Seawater Desalination System: Proof of Concept and Vision for Future Sustainability

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