A Zero-Watermarking Scheme Based on Spread Spectrum and Holography

Li, De; Jiang, Dayou; Kim, Jong Weon

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-0281-6_54

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…According to the watermark embedding algorithm, most watermarking schemes fall into one of two categories: the spread spectrum (SS) and the quantization index modulation (QIM) techniques. In the former (SS), the watermark is spread across all host data during embedding stage, and correlation approaches are used to either extract the watermark bits 12 or just decide about the presence or absence of the watermark in case of zero bit watermarking 13 . In the latter technique (QIM), a two sets of discrete quantizers, one for bit 1 and another for bit 0, are generated and each host coefficient is substituted by the closest quantizer according to the watermark bit to embed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the former (SS), the watermark is spread across all host data during embedding stage, and correlation approaches are used to either extract the watermark bits 12 or just decide about the presence or absence of the watermark in case of zero bit watermarking. 13 In the latter technique (QIM), a two sets of discrete quantizers, one for bit 1 and another for bit 0, are generated and each host coefficient is substituted by the closest quantizer according to the watermark bit to embed. The same principle is used to extract the watermark using minimum distance classifier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Kricha

Sakly

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryRobust watermarking provides valuable solutions to protect the copyright and secure digital images. In this paper, a robust and transparent watermarking scheme in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain is presented. The watermark is embedded into the difference of two adjacent DCT coefficients located at the same frequency. The embedding process involves optimal selection of adjacent blocks and DCT coefficients positions. For a given DCT block, the optimal selection is to find the coefficient with the lowest DCT frequency that requires the minimal variation to represent the target watermark bit. To insert the watermark, a new quantization index modulation (QIM) based method with irregular distance between continuous quantizers is employed. The performance of the proposed scheme was extensively evaluated using 12 benchmark images and a total of more than 90 attacks per image grouped into nine attack types including JPEG compression, filtering and noise contamination. Furthermore, robustness comparison with state‐of‐the‐art works was conducted, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%