A -β-lactamase-overproducing strain of <i>Alcaligenes denitrificans</i> subsp. <i>xylosoxydans</i> isolated from a case of meningitis

Decré, Dominique; Arlet, G.; Danglot, C.; Lucet, Jean‐Christophe; Fournier, Geneviève; Bergogne-Bérezin, E.; Philippon, A.

doi:10.1093/jac/30.6.769

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Acquired β-lactamases belonging to VEB, and the carbapenemases IMP, and VIM have been described [60–62] and furthermore, has a study implicated hyperproduction of β-lactamases by Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxidans [63]. Three genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes are present in A .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of the Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 Complies with Important Pathogenic Phenotypes

et al. 2013

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Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an environmental opportunistic pathogen, which infects an increasing number of immunocompromised patients. In this study we combined genomic analysis of a clinical isolated A. xylosoxidans strain with phenotypic investigations of its important pathogenic features. We present a complete assembly of the genome of A. xylosoxidans NH44784-1996, an isolate from a cystic fibrosis patient obtained in 1996. The genome of A. xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 contains approximately 7 million base pairs with 6390 potential protein-coding sequences. We identified several features that render it an opportunistic human pathogen, We found genes involved in anaerobic growth and the pgaABCD operon encoding the biofilm adhesin poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamin. Furthermore, the genome contains a range of antibiotic resistance genes coding efflux pump systems and antibiotic modifying enzymes. In vitro studies of A. xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 confirmed the genomic evidence for its ability to form biofilms, anaerobic growth via denitrification, and resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. Our investigation enables further studies of the functionality of important identified genes contributing to the pathogenicity of A. xylosoxidans and thereby improves our understanding and ability to treat this emerging pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of the Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 Complies with Important Pathogenic Phenotypes

et al. 2013

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“…in the majority of patients in all the present clinical groups bears close scrutiny as host specific factors might determine whether or not this organism contributes to brain disease. Two HIV/AIDS patients exhibited sequences similar to Alcaligenaceae; members of this family have been identified as components of the normal flora in Peyer’s patches [33], but members have also been implicated in endocarditis [34], bacteremia [35], [36] and meningitis with or without ventriculitis in neonates [37], [38], HIV-infected persons [39], other immunocompromised adults [40] or following invasive surgery [41]. Thus, identifying members of this family may represent translocation of commensal gut organisms to the brain or a previously unidentified subclinical infection in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Microbial Populations in HIV/AIDS: α-Proteobacteria Predominate Independent of Host Immune Status

et al. 2013

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The brain is assumed to be a sterile organ in the absence of disease although the impact of immune disruption is uncertain in terms of brain microbial diversity or quantity. To investigate microbial diversity and quantity in the brain, the profile of infectious agents was examined in pathologically normal and abnormal brains from persons with HIV/AIDS [HIV] (n = 12), other disease controls [ODC] (n = 14) and in cerebral surgical resections for epilepsy [SURG] (n = 6). Deep sequencing of cerebral white matter-derived RNA from the HIV (n = 4) and ODC (n = 4) patients and SURG (n = 2) groups revealed bacterially-encoded 16 s RNA sequences in all brain specimens with α-proteobacteria representing over 70% of bacterial sequences while the other 30% of bacterial classes varied widely. Bacterial rRNA was detected in white matter glial cells by in situ hybridization and peptidoglycan immunoreactivity was also localized principally in glia in human brains. Analyses of amplified bacterial 16 s rRNA sequences disclosed that Proteobacteria was the principal bacterial phylum in all human brain samples with similar bacterial rRNA quantities in HIV and ODC groups despite increased host neuroimmune responses in the HIV group. Exogenous viruses including bacteriophage and human herpes viruses-4, -5 and -6 were detected variably in autopsied brains from both clinical groups. Brains from SIV- and SHIV-infected macaques displayed a profile of bacterial phyla also dominated by Proteobacteria but bacterial sequences were not detected in experimentally FIV-infected cat or RAG1−/− mouse brains. Intracerebral implantation of human brain homogenates into RAG1−/− mice revealed a preponderance of α-proteobacteria 16 s RNA sequences in the brains of recipient mice at 7 weeks post-implantation, which was abrogated by prior heat-treatment of the brain homogenate. Thus, α-proteobacteria represented the major bacterial component of the primate brain’s microbiome regardless of underlying immune status, which could be transferred into naïve hosts leading to microbial persistence in the brain.

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“…Thus, the observation that B. pertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and A. denitrificans produce an identical siderophore may not be surprising. A. denitrificans has occasionally been observed to cause disease in immunocompromised patients (4,9), although the organism is normally noninfectious (4,9). Current studies in our laboratory concern whether alcaligin production is important for supporting B. bronchiseptica growth in vivo.…”

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Identification of alcaligin as the siderophore produced by Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica

et al. 1995

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The siderophores produced by iron-starved Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica were purified and were found to be identical. Using mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, we determined that the siderophore produced by these organisms was identical to alcaligin, a siderophore produced by Alcaligenes denitrificans.Organisms of the genus Bordetella are obligate pathogens of the upper respiratory tract of a variety of animal hosts. Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis are obligate human pathogens (15). Although occasionally seen in infected humans (15), Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common pathogen of several other mammalian hosts (7). Bordetella avium infects the upper respiratory tract of domestic fowl (10). These organisms cause similar syndromes characterized by infection of the respiratory mucosal surface, without subsequent bloodstream dissemination (15). Our studies (1, 6) and others (2, 8) suggested that B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica removed Fe from lactoferrin (LF) and transferrin by producing a hydroxamate siderophore. We have now purified the siderophores produced by these organisms and found that these siderophores were identical. Although we previously suggested the term ''bordetellin'' to denote the Bordetella siderophore (1), the siderophores produced by B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica were identical to alcaligin, the Fe chelator produced by Alcaligenes denitrificans (13).B. pertussis DBP2 (a streptomycin-resistant derivative of strain Tohama I) and B. bronchiseptica MBORD846 were used in these studies; growth conditions have been described previously (1, 6). To prepare desferri-siderophore, 2 g of lyophilized culture supernatant from a logarithmic-phase iron-starved culture was dissolved in 10 ml of water and passed through two C 18 Sep-Pak cartridges (Waters Associates), connected in series. The cartridges were washed with 20 ml of water, and the siderophore was eluted with 50% methanol. The methanol was removed by rotary evaporation, and the material was dissolved in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and applied to a Vydac C 18 high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) column (4.6 mm by 25 cm). The column was washed with 0.1% TFA (solvent A) for 10 min, and then a linear gradient of 0.08% TFA in 70% acetonitrile (solvent B) was applied at 1% B per min (flow rate, 1 ml/min). Purification of the ferri-siderophore complex was similar, except that this material required 80% methanol-1% acetic acid for elution from the C 18 Sep-Pak cartridges. Siderophores were purified to homogeneity by this protocol (Fig. 1). B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica culture supernatants yielded desferri-and ferri-siderophores that behaved identically during purification, suggesting that these were the same iron chelator (data not shown).We previously showed that a Tn5lac insertion mutation in B. bronchiseptica DBB22 blocked siderophore production, while other Fe transport components were intact (6). Strain DBB22 was also unable to use LF as an iron source for growth (6). We were ...

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A -β-lactamase-overproducing strain of Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. xylosoxydans isolated from a case of meningitis

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Complete Genome Sequence of the Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 Complies with Important Pathogenic Phenotypes

Complete Genome Sequence of the Cystic Fibrosis Pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 Complies with Important Pathogenic Phenotypes

Brain Microbial Populations in HIV/AIDS: α-Proteobacteria Predominate Independent of Host Immune Status

Identification of alcaligin as the siderophore produced by Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica

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