A317491 relieved HIV gp120-associated neuropathic pain involved in P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia

P2Y12 receptor upregulation in satellite glial cells is involved in neuropathic pain induced by HIV glycoprotein 120 and 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine

“…A previously described technique was used for perineural HIV-gp120 administration [21]. Briefly, the left sciatic nerve of the SD rats was exposed at the popliteal fossa under 10% chloral hydrate anesthesia (3 mL/kg, i.p., supplemented as necessary) without damaging the nerve structure.…”

“…A 3 to 4-mm length of the sciatic nerve proximal to the trifurcation was wrapped loosely with the soaked cellulose to avoid nerve constriction and left in situ. The incision was closed with 4-0 sutures [6,10,21].…”

“…The pressure value was automatically recorded. Measurements were performed 2-3 times for each rat (interval ≥ 5 min), and the mechanical withdrawal threshold was calculated as the mean of these measurements [21][22][23][24].…”

“…The latency to hind paw withdrawal from a thermal stimulus was determined by exposing the plantar surface of the hind paw to radiant heat using a Thermal Paw Stimulation System (BME-410C, Tianjin) [21][22][23][24]. Rats were placed in a transparent, square, bottomless acrylic box (22 × 12 × 22 cm) on a glass plate with a light located underneath.…”

“…Quantification of gene expression was performed using the ΔΔCT calculation with CT as the threshold cycle. The relative levels of target genes, which are normalized to the sample with the lowest CT, are given as 2 −ΔΔ CT [21,25]. Relative expression levels of mRNA in the five groups were normalized to β-actin levels.…”