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Adipose tissue engineering with preadipocyte-loaded scaffolds requires adequate tracking of preadipocytes to allow evaluation and quantification of cell proliferation, expansion and differentiation in three-dimensional systems. To differentiate between graft and host cells, labeling of preadipocytes before implantation and tracking of these cells until harvest would be useful. Immunohistochemistry enables the differentiation between cells of different species but is time-consuming, expensive, elaborate, and not applicable for autologous transplantation. So far, there is no published method to use externally applied dyes for tracking of human preadipocytes in adipose tissue engineering. We tested the cell dyes PKH26, CM-DiI, and CFSE to analyze their applicability for labeling human preadipocytes. CM-DiI had toxicity levels of 45–70%, while 3–4% proliferating cells were stained on day 35. CFSE revealed clear cytoplasmic coloring in proliferating cells with 5–6% stained cells after 35 days and toxicity ranging from 55 to 90% dead cells. PKH26 demonstrates lowest levels of toxicity and best labeling results after 4 weeks in proliferating preadipocytes in monolayer. Although none of the dyes showed long-lasting labeling during proliferation, all three dyes demonstrated permanent staining in differentiated cells. The results reveal the problems of preadipocyte tracking with fluorescent dyes but justify the dye application for limited time periods.
Adipose tissue engineering with preadipocyte-loaded scaffolds requires adequate tracking of preadipocytes to allow evaluation and quantification of cell proliferation, expansion and differentiation in three-dimensional systems. To differentiate between graft and host cells, labeling of preadipocytes before implantation and tracking of these cells until harvest would be useful. Immunohistochemistry enables the differentiation between cells of different species but is time-consuming, expensive, elaborate, and not applicable for autologous transplantation. So far, there is no published method to use externally applied dyes for tracking of human preadipocytes in adipose tissue engineering. We tested the cell dyes PKH26, CM-DiI, and CFSE to analyze their applicability for labeling human preadipocytes. CM-DiI had toxicity levels of 45–70%, while 3–4% proliferating cells were stained on day 35. CFSE revealed clear cytoplasmic coloring in proliferating cells with 5–6% stained cells after 35 days and toxicity ranging from 55 to 90% dead cells. PKH26 demonstrates lowest levels of toxicity and best labeling results after 4 weeks in proliferating preadipocytes in monolayer. Although none of the dyes showed long-lasting labeling during proliferation, all three dyes demonstrated permanent staining in differentiated cells. The results reveal the problems of preadipocyte tracking with fluorescent dyes but justify the dye application for limited time periods.
А new polyethyleneimine sulfur-containig exchanger network structure with static exchange capacity of 0.1 N solution of HCl 4.7 mEq/g was obtained by polycondensation of glycidyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and phosphoric acid. Sorption of copper (II) and zinc (II) ions was studied and investigated in static conditions from model solutions of sulfates of copper and zinc, in dependence on their concentration and pH, as well as their contact time with the ion-exchanger. Found that the magnitude of the sorption capacity of the ion exchanger for ions of copper (II) at pH 3.6 CuSO4 solution is 4.03 mg / g. It has been established that zinc ion (II) is absorbed best by the sorbent at pH 4.06. In these conditions the sorption capacity of the sorbent for copper ions (II) and zinc (II) respectively equal to 0.8225mmol / g (Cu) and 0.8305mmol / g (Zn). The sorption ability new sulfur-containing ionite with respect to copper ions (II) and zinc (II) is significantly higher than for industrial ionite of KU-2x8.
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