“…For example, it was proposed from the observation of damaged materials that a material is damaged by both a strong cavitation impact and a weak cavitation impact, where a strong one generates a pit or a crack on the surface of the material and a weak one causes fatigue owing to repeated impacts on the surface. 2) It is also observed from a microstructural point of view that cavitation impact improves hardness, 3) induces phase transformation, 4) provides residual stress in metals, [5][6][7][8] generates dislocations in a single crystal of magnesium oxide, 9) and causes highspeed deformation of metals 10) and that crystal orientations, 11,12) microstructures, and alloying elements 13) influence the erosion behavior of a material. However, although various investigations on cavitation erosion have been carried out as mentioned above, there remain unsolved problems on the mechanism of erosion of materials, and the cause of erosion cannot be said to be completely understood.…”