Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications

Gries, Thomas; Bettermann, Isa; Blaurock, Carolin; Bündgens, Andreas; Dittel, Gözdem; Emonts, Caroline; Gesché, Valentine; Glimpel, Nikola; Kolloch, Martin; Grigat, Niels; Löcken, Henning; Löwen, Alexander; Jacobsen, Jens-Lennart; Kimm, Magdalena Kerstin; Kelbel, Hannah; Kröger, Hauke; Kuo, Kai-Chieh; Peiner, Christoph; Sackmann, Johannes; Schwab, Max

doi:10.1007/s10443-022-10011-w

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Structure (b): Constant binding and variable reinforcing yarn density and orientation [ 31 , 33 ]. Process (c): Variable binding (by adhesive or warp knitting thread) and constant reinforcing yarn density and orientation [ 34 , 56 ].…”

Section: Textile Technologies For Production Of 3d Warp Knitted Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics: A Review

et al. 2023

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Fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) are already well established in several industrial sectors such as aerospace, automotive, plant engineering, shipbuilding and construction. The technical advantages of FRCs over metallic materials are well researched and proven. The key factors for an even wider industrial application of FRCs are the maximisation of resource and cost efficiency in the production and processing of the textile reinforcement materials. Due to its technology, warp knitting is the most productive and therefore cost-effective textile manufacturing process. In order to produce resource-efficient textile structures with these technologies, a high degree of prefabrication is required. This reduces costs by reducing the number of ply stacks, and by reducing the number of extra operations through final path and geometric yarn orientation of the preforms. It also reduces waste in post-processing. Furthermore, a high degree of prefabrication through functionalisation offers the potential to extend the application range of textile structures as purely mechanical reinforcements by integrating additional functions. So far, there is a gap in terms of an overview of the current state-of-the-art of relevant textile processes and products, which this work aims to fill. The focus of this work is therefore to provide an overview of warp knitted 3D structures.

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Section: Textile Technologies For Production Of 3d Warp Knitted Fabricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…Pandini et al [19] studied the sequential self-deployment of auxetic structures utilizing the 4D printing technology. Gries et al [20] discovered applications for heat responsive 4D printing in smart textiles. More research on remotely induced heat responsive 4D printing, such as magnetic, electric, and light stimuli, has recently been reported in order to broaden the applications of this emerging technology [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimaterial 4D printing with a tunable bending model

Zolfagharian

Jarrah

Xavier

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Shape-memory polymer-based functional structures may now be produced more efficiently via four-dimensional (4D) printing, benefiting from the recent advances in multi-material three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies. Composite material design using 4D printing has opened new possibilities for customizing the shape memory property of smart polymers. This work studies a design strategy to harness desirable morphing by 4D printing multimaterial composites with a focus on the detailed finite element (FE) procedure, experimental results, and soft robotic application. Composites with bilayer laminates consisting of a shape-memory polymer (SMP) and a flexible elastomer are constructed with variable thickness ratios to control the self-bending of the composite. Finite element simulations are used to understand the underlying processes of composite materials and to generate accurate predictions for the experimental results, which reduces cost and development time. The application of 4D printing and multi-material composite programming is demonstrated with a soft robotic gripper for manipulating fragile objects.

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“…Due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, good ablative performance, friction performance and thermal vibration resistance, 1,2 C/CCs have been widely used in many industrial fields, especially in aeronautical and astronautical structures at high temperature. 3,4 The difference between conventional 2D braiding and 3D braiding is that 2D braiding is limited by size and thickness, 5 while 3D braided technology has the characteristics of 3D multidirectional orientation and overall continuous distribution of fiber, 6 which can prevent or slow the propagation of interlayer cracks of composite materials under impact load, thus greatly improving the interlayer performance of composite materials. 7,8 3D braiding refers to the orientation of braided fibers (or yarns) along the forming direction of the fabric at a certain angle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue life prediction of 3D braided carbon/carbon composites with braided angle variation at elevated temperature

Yang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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The braiding angle of 3D braided carbon/carbon composites (C/CCs) will change during high temperature fatigue loading, which will affect the fatigue properties of 3D braided C/CCs. In order to realize this dynamic simulation in the high temperature fatigue life prediction of 3D braided C/CCs and further improve the prediction accuracy of high temperature fatigue life of 3D braided C/CCs, a high temperature fatigue life prediction model of 3D braided C/CCs considering the change of braiding angle with fatigue cycle number was established. The establishment of the prediction model mainly includes: a meso-scale representative volume elements (RVEs) of 3D braided C/CCs considering yarn direction and fiber bundle cross-section shape is established at the meso-scale; the high temperature residual stiffness and residual strength models of fiber bundles considering high temperature and stress level are established. Based on the experimental data characteristics of high temperature fatigue residual stiffness of 3D braided C/CCs, a mathematical model of cycle number/braided angles (CN/BAs) is established. The fatigue life prediction model was used to predict the 3D braided C/CCs at 700°C and stress levels of 87% and 85%. The results showed that the prediction error of single flower node was less than 5%. The fatigue life prediction error is less than two times the tolerance.

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Aachen Technology Overview of 3D Textile Materials and Recent Innovation and Applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics: A Review

3D Textiles Based on Warp Knitted Fabrics: A Review

Multimaterial 4D printing with a tunable bending model

Fatigue life prediction of 3D braided carbon/carbon composites with braided angle variation at elevated temperature

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