AAPCC database characterization of native U.S. venomous snake exposures, 2001–2005

Seifert, Steven A.; Boyer, Leslie V.; Benson, Blaine E.; Rogers, Jody J.

doi:10.1080/15563650902870277

Cited by 89 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most of those bites occur in the Southwestern part of the country and copperhead or rattlesnake is the major culprit [1,5]. The typical victim is a young male bitten on one of his extremities during spring or summer months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiological characteristics, hospital course and outcome of snakebite victims in West Texas

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiological characteristics, hospital course and outcome of snakebite victims in West Texas

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lastly, future pre-clinical investigation with animal models (e.g. rabbit ear-bleed model) is planned to determine whether iron and carbon monoxide can be used therapeutically after envenomation.Thousands of individuals experience venomous snakebites annually in the United States [1][2][3][4], with cottonmouth and copperhead snakes (Agkistrodon species) second only to rattlesnakes (Crotalus species) as the most identified responsible vipers [2]. Snakebites by Agkistrodon species result in a spectrum of degrees of local and systemic injury [5,6], including hypofibrinogenaemia and coagulopathy [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Iron and Carbon Monoxide on Fibrinogenase‐like Degradation of Plasmatic Coagulation by Venoms of Six Agkistrodon Species

Nielsen

Redford

Boyle

2015

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Annually, thousands suffer poisonous snakebite, often from defibrinogenating species. It has been demonstrated that iron and carbon monoxide change the ultrastructure of plasma thrombi and improve coagulation kinetics. Thus, this investigation sought to determine whether pre-treatment of plasma with iron and carbon monoxide could attenuate venom-mediated catalysis of fibrinogen obtained from Agkistrodon species with fibrinogenase activity. Human plasma was pre-treated with ferric chloride (0-10 lM) and carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2, 0-100 lM) prior to exposure to 0.5-11 lg/ml of six different Agkistrodon species' venom. The amount of venom used for experimentation needed to decrease coagulation function of one or more kinetic parameters by at least 50% of normal values for (e.g. half the normal speed of clot formation). Coagulation kinetics were determined with thrombelastography. All six snake venoms degraded plasmatic coagulation kinetics to a significant extent, especially prolonging the onset to clot formation and diminishing the speed of clot growth. Pre-treatment of plasma with iron and carbon monoxide attenuated these venom-mediated coagulation kinetic changes in a species-specific manner, with some venom effects markedly abrogated while others were only mildly decreased. Further in vitro investigation of other pit viper venoms that possess fibrinogenolytic activity is indicated to identify species amenable to or resistant to iron and carbon monoxide-mediated attenuation of venom-mediated catalysis of fibrinogen. Lastly, future pre-clinical investigation with animal models (e.g. rabbit ear-bleed model) is planned to determine whether iron and carbon monoxide can be used therapeutically after envenomation.Thousands of individuals experience venomous snakebites annually in the United States [1][2][3][4], with cottonmouth and copperhead snakes (Agkistrodon species) second only to rattlesnakes (Crotalus species) as the most identified responsible vipers [2]. Snakebites by Agkistrodon species result in a spectrum of degrees of local and systemic injury [5,6], including hypofibrinogenaemia and coagulopathy [7]. Of interest, there is heterogeneity in therapeutic approach to envenomation by Agkistrodon species in the literature. While administration of antivenom has been recommended to prevent local and circulatory morbidity [3,8], there is debate concerning the need to serially assess patient coagulation status [9,10] or even administer antivenom at all [11]. Nevertheless, significant morbidity and occasional mortality occurs after envenomation by Agkistrodon species [5,6,12].Cottonmouth and copperhead snakes in North America generally possess venom that is fibrinogenolytic [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Intact venom or purified metalloproteinases typically cleave the A (a)-chain and the B(b)-chain of fibrinogen, resulting in hypofibrinogenaemia state and decreased coagulation [13][14][15][16][17][18]. While antivenom can bind and inactivate these enzymes, another approach to maintain circula...

show abstract

“…69 A majority of snakebites are sustained by males (73% vs 27%). 70 Death from snakebite in the United States is uncommon, with a mortality rate of ,0.1%. 70 Pregnant women should empirically avoid circumstances where envenomations are most likely to occur and seek medical care if they experience either a spider or snakebite.…”

Section: Snake Bitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilderness Preparticipation Evaluation and Considerations for Special Populations

Joy

Baak

Dec

et al. 2015

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Children, older adults, disabled and special needs athletes, and female athletes who participate in outdoor and wilderness sports and activities each face unique risks. For children and adolescents traveling to high altitude, the preparticipation physical evaluation should focus on risk assessment, prevention strategies, early recognition of altitude-related symptoms, management plans, and appropriate follow-up. As the risk and prevalence of chronic disease increases with age, both older patients and providers need to be aware of disease and medication-specific risks relative to wilderness sport and activity participation. Disabled and special needs athletes benefit from careful pre-event planning for the potential medical issues and equipment modifications that may affect their health in wilderness environments. Issues that demand special consideration for female adventurers include pregnancy, contraceptive use, menses, and ferritin levels at altitude. A careful preparticipation evaluation that factors in unique, population-specific risks will help special populations stay healthy and safe on wilderness adventures. The PubMed and SportDiscus databases were searched in 2014 using both MeSH terms and text words and include peer-reviewed English language articles from 1977 to 2014. Additional information was accessed from Web-based sources to produce this narrative review on preparticipation evaluation for special populations undertaking wilderness adventures. Key words include children, adolescent, pediatric, seniors, elderly, disabled, special needs, female, athlete, preparticipiation examination, wilderness medicine, and sports.

show abstract

AAPCC database characterization of native U.S. venomous snake exposures, 2001–2005

Abstract: Native U.S. venomous snakebite results in considerable morbidity and mortality. Rattlesnake and copperhead envenomations, and those in children <6 years of age, produce the most severe outcomes, but coral snakebites result in similar hospital admission rates.

Cited by 89 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiological characteristics, hospital course and outcome of snakebite victims in West Texas

Epidemiological characteristics, hospital course and outcome of snakebite victims in West Texas

Effect of Iron and Carbon Monoxide on Fibrinogenase‐like Degradation of Plasmatic Coagulation by Venoms of Six Agkistrodon Species

Wilderness Preparticipation Evaluation and Considerations for Special Populations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About