The
inherent flammability of biodegradable polybutylene succinate
(PBS) extremely restricts the growing applications as packaging and
construction materials; meanwhile, only a minority of industrial alkali
lignin has been effectively utilized until now. To address these two
challenges, herein we have converted alkali lignin into one biobased
additive for PBS by chemically modified lignin with phosphorus, nitrogen,
and the zinc(II) ions. Cone calorimetry results show that addition
of 10 wt % modified lignin (PNZn-lignin) reduces the peak heat release
rate and total heat release of PBS strikingly by 50 and 67%, respectively.
Moreover, the total smoke production is decreased noticeably by 50%.
Observations of char residues indicate that adding PNZn-lignin leads
to a compact, intact, and thick char layer that is responsible for
such enhanced properties. This work offers a new strategy for reducing
the flammability and smoke release of PBS, promoting high-value-added
utilization of industrial lignin, and designing biobased advanced
polymeric materials.