Abattoir-Based Serological Surveillance and Spatial Risk Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Brucellosis, and Q Fever in Lao PDR Large Ruminants

Siengsanan-Lamont, Jarunee; Theppangna, Watthana; Phommachanh, Phouvong; Khounsy, Syseng; Selleck, Paul; Matsumoto, Nina; Gleeson, Laurence J.; Blacksell, Stuart D.

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7050078

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…At the slaughterhouse, serological surveys reported prevalence in cattle about 24% in Brazil, which 12% displayed positive qPCR results suggestive of active or recent infection [ 236 ]. However, lower prevalence has also been reported, ranging from 1.5% to 9.4% [ 237 , 238 ]. The prevalence of Q fever in sheep is lower than in cattle.…”

Section: Surveillance Of Zoonotic Agents In the Slaughterhousementioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review

García‐Díez

Saraiva

Moura

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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From the point of public health, the objective of the slaughterhouse is to guarantee the safety of meat in which meat inspection represent an essential tool to control animal diseases and guarantee the public health. The slaughterhouse can be used as surveillance center for livestock diseases. However, other aspects related with animal and human health, such as epidemiology and disease control in primary production, control of animal welfare on the farm, surveillance of zoonotic agents responsible for food poisoning, as well as surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance, can be monitored. These controls should not be seen as a last defensive barrier but rather as a complement to the controls carried out on the farm. Regarding the control of diseases in livestock, scientific research is scarce and outdated, not taking advantage of the potential for disease control. Animal welfare in primary production and during transport can be monitored throughout ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse, providing valuable individual data on animal welfare. Surveillance and research regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at slaughterhouses is scarce, mainly in cattle, sheep, and goats. However, most of the zoonotic pathogens are sensitive to the antibiotics studied. Moreover, the prevalence at the slaughterhouse of zoonotic and foodborne agents seems to be low, but a lack of harmonization in terms of control and communication may lead to underestimate its real prevalence.

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Section: Surveillance Of Zoonotic Agents In the Slaughterhousementioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review

García‐Díez

Saraiva

Moura

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Disease as a constraint on goat production in Lao PDR and trade to neighbouring countries: a review

Jayasekara,

Theppangna,

Olmo

et al. 2024

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Goat production in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is a small but rapidly growing sector owing to strong export demand, primarily from Vietnam. Disease has been identified as one of the major constraints to goat production but there are limited data on causes and effective control strategies. The situation is exacerbated by a lack of veterinary and extension services in rural areas. Information on the major disease and clinical syndromes of goats and their causative agents is needed to develop local and national control strategies and to improve animal welfare. Zoonotic diseases involving goats are also potentially important in terms of live goat trade and public health, albeit research is lacking. This review summarises and evaluates the available published data on caprine diseases in Lao PDR and provides possible disease control strategies to improve goat production in Lao PDR. Surveys and observations suggest that lip and facial dermatitis, eye conditions and diarrhoea are the most common clinical syndromes affecting the health of Lao goats. These clinical syndromes can be considered as priorities for Lao goats. Serological surveys conducted in limited geographical areas of the country have identified moderate seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and low seroprevalence of bluetongue, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), brucellosis and Q fever in goats. Accordingly, the clinical signs associated with the latter diseases were not commonly reported. Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus contortus and coccidia are the main gastro-intestinal parasites identified among Lao goats. Despite these studies, an understanding of the causation of the most common clinical syndromes in Lao goats is still lacking, similar to the situation in many other parts of Southeast Asia. Studies to determine the causation of common clinical syndromes need to be conducted in Lao goats if progress is to be made on overcoming the disease constraint. Similarly, studies are also needed to evaluate interventions that have been introduced to limit the impact of these disease and clinical syndromes. They will likely require changes to goat management and nutrition, in addition to disease-specific interventions.

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Investigation of the association between foot-and-mouth disease clinical signs and abattoir serological data in large ruminants in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Gee,

Young,

Khounsy

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and endemic disease in Lao PDR. However, surveillance is weak, and outbreaks are not routinely reported. To address this, serum samples were routinely collected from cattle and buffalo from provincial abattoirs between November 2021 and December 2022. A total of 2,663 serum samples were collected from large ruminants (n = 1,625 cattle; n = 1,038 buffalo) from 17 provinces. Samples were tested for specific antibodies directed against FMD non-structural protein (NSP) to determine the proportion of animals exposed to FMD virus. In addition to sampling from abattoirs, further independent data was collected to report clinical signs and outcomes from 94 districts in 12 northern provinces. These incident reports were recorded by district staff using a Google Form and summarised monthly in the National Animal Disease Reporting System. Information was collected on species, incident date, herd size, location and which clinical signs the animals presented. Overall, 46% of the tested animals returned a positive result using ID Screen® FMD NSP Competition ELISA. Results from serological testing were then compared with reported clinical signs from the same district. In districts reporting ‘mouth problems’ (regardless of other clinical signs) the median FMD seroprevalence was 49.7%, compared to 31.6% in districts not reporting mouth problems (p = 0.021). This finding suggests that reporting clinical cases of ‘mouth problems’ could be a potential predictor of FMD infection at a district level in cattle and buffalo in Lao PDR. Furthermore, in districts reporting ‘fever’, ‘mouth problems’, and ‘nose/mouth secretions’ together, the median FMD seroprevalence was 46.2%, compared to 24.4% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.033). In districts reporting ‘mouth problems’ and ‘nose/mouth secretions’ the median FMD seroprevalence was 49.4%, compared to 25.5% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.037). In districts reporting both ‘fever’ and ‘mouth problems,’ the median FMD seroprevalence was 46.4% compared to 25% in districts not reporting these signs (p = 0.017). Based on serological data generated by abattoir surveillance, this study identified clinical signs most predictive of FMD seroprevalence. These novel findings can be used to guide passive surveillance efforts in the future specifically in northern Laos and help support improved FMD surveillance more broadly in FMD endemic countries in Southeast Asia.

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Abattoir-Based Serological Surveillance and Spatial Risk Analysis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Brucellosis, and Q Fever in Lao PDR Large Ruminants

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review

The Importance of the Slaughterhouse in Surveilling Animal and Public Health: A Systematic Review

Disease as a constraint on goat production in Lao PDR and trade to neighbouring countries: a review

Investigation of the association between foot-and-mouth disease clinical signs and abattoir serological data in large ruminants in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic

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