“Abattoir based surveillance of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the Sultanate of Oman during 2010–2013” [Vet. Parasitol. 211 (3–4) (2015) 208–215]

Aim: This study aimed to confirm the clinically diagnosed cattle with lumpy skin disease (LSD) at Baghdad Province/Iraq from October 2018 to March 2019. Materials and Methods: Molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology were applied for the detection of LSD among 71 infected cattle issued for slaughter. Results: Pre-slaughter clinical examination showed significant increases (p<0.05) in values of temperature (39.7±0.74°C), pulse (96.42±3.51), and respiratory (33.54±0.63) rates. Enlargement of lymph nodes (prescapular, supramammary, and prefemoral), lacrimation, mucopurulent nasal discharge, salivation, edema in limbs and head among severe infected cases, and marked fall in milk production was seen. An association of LSD to risk factors (age, gender, and areas) showed that there is significant elevation in prevalence of disease in >2-5 years (54.93%) rather than other age groups (>5 and <2 years) in females (73.24%) than males (26.76%); and in sub-rural (42.25%) and rural (39.44%) compared to urban (18.31%) areas. Postmortem examination appeared nodular lesions in upper parts of the digestive system (9.86%), rumen (2.82%), upper respiratory tracts (7.04%), and lung (4.23%). The PCR examination of P32 and thymidine kinase antigenic genes showed 90.14% and 60.56% positive samples, respectively. Histopathological analysis of nodular skin biopsies showed edema, hyperemia, acanthosis, severe hydropic degeneration, and hyperkeratosis in epidermis; whereas, mononuclear cell infiltration, inclusion bodies, and vasculitis seen in the dermis. Conclusion: PCR and histopathology assay could be a potential method to confirm the LSD infection concomitant with clinical examination.

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Molecular and histopathological confirmation of clinically diagnosed lumpy skin disease in cattle, Baghdad Province of Iraq

Gharban

AL-Shaeli

Al-Fattli

et al. 2019

Vet World

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Lumpy skin disease an emerging outbreak in cattle and its impact on human life

2023

Biomed. Lett.

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A viral disease known as lumpy skin disease (LSD) that infects cattle has recently become a danger to the global livestock industry. Capripoxvirus, which causes LSD, can contract through insect bites or through direct contact with infected animals. Cattle with the disease develop nodules on their skin, which reduce their ability to produce milk, cause them to lose weight, and eventually kill them. LSD significantly reduces milk production, which may decrease from 10% to 85%. Milk and meat sales have decreased by 60% to 70% in Karachi (Pakistan), as a result of LSD. Calves of all strains and ages are affected, although lactating cows and young cattle are more at risk. The bulk of LSD outbreaks occurs in hot, humid environments when a large percentage of insects that serve as vectors are active. LSD may be transmitted more quickly by wildlife. Nasal secretions, inappetence, fever, lachrymation with salivation, swollen lymph nodules, body weight loss, and sometimes death are all symptoms of LSD. Farmers and the cattle industry have suffered enormous financial losses because of the increase in LSD. Concerns regarding the disease's effects on human health have also been raised due to its zoonotic potential. Although there is no evidence that LSD may be transmitted to others, the risk still exists, especially for those with compromised immune systems. This article discusses the current knowledge of LSD, its clinical manifestations, transmission, and preventive measures. It also draws attention to the effects of LSD breakouts, including financial, social, and medical fallouts, on people's lives. The paper highlights the necessity of continuing research and surveillance to comprehend the illness better and create efficient controls to stop its spread.

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“Abattoir based surveillance of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in the Sultanate of Oman during 2010–2013” [Vet. Parasitol. 211 (3–4) (2015) 208–215]

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Molecular and histopathological confirmation of clinically diagnosed lumpy skin disease in cattle, Baghdad Province of Iraq

Molecular and histopathological confirmation of clinically diagnosed lumpy skin disease in cattle, Baghdad Province of Iraq

Lumpy skin disease an emerging outbreak in cattle and its impact on human life

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