Abattoirs as Non-Hospital Source of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producers: Confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test and Characterized by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

In this study, the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms in abattoirs, a non-hospital community was investigated. The presence of ESBL-producing phenotypes was confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Out of the 99 isolates screened for ESBL, 28 (28.3%) were confirmed positive. The positive isolates were characterised by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry. 50% of the isolates were Pseudomonas spp., the rest were different species of Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Achromobacter. Pseudomonas monteilli and Pseudomonas putida were the most occurring in the intestine. The entire positive ESBL producers were subjected to plasmid curing to ascertain the location of the resistant marker. The result of the plasmid curing indicated that the resistant genes were chromosomally borne. The findings have therefore established the presence of ESBL producing organisms in the gut of animals from abattoirs and the table were the meat are sold, and its rate of occurrence is comparable to hospital ICUs. Abattoir communities could probably be a source of human infection with ESBL expressing pathogens and possible transfer to non-ESBL producers.

Detection of VIM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1 metallo- β-lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, west of Iran

“…The results of this study showed that the majority of MBL producing K. pneumoniae (14/15) were extracted from hospitalized patients and only one isolate (1/15) was MBL producer in outpatients by DDST. The presence of MBL-producing bacteria in the outpatients portends serious health risk because the organisms that produce MBL are notably resistant to carbapenems including imipenem and meropenem, which are antibiotics reserved for serious bacterial infections (28). In this study, VIM-1 gene prevalence was 26.6% (4/15) which matched with the results achieved in India in 2013 (29), but it was higher than the study published in Iran in 2018 (19), and in India in 2014 (20), and it was lower compared to studies in Nepal 2014 (6).…”

Reservoirs and Transmission Pathways of Resistant Indicator Bacteria in the Biotope Pig Stable and along the Food Chain: A Review from a One Health Perspective

“…Abattoirs can be possible sources of drug-resistant bacteria [187]: Carry-over of resistant bacteria at the time of slaughter, the hygiene related to the slaughter processes, meat processing hygiene, and retail handling [188,189] (Table S6). Pietsch et al [47] found isolates of distinct E. coli clonal lineages in all three reservoirs of human, animal, and food in Germany.…”