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The article contains sections titled: 1. Office Copying and Printing 1.1. Electrophotography 1.1.1. Photoreceptor 1.1.2. Corotron Charging 1.1.3. Light Exposure 1.1.4. Image Development 1.1.5. Image Transfer and Fusing 1.1.6. Photoreceptor Cleaning and Erase 1.1.7. Other Electrophotographic Imaging Systems 1.2. Thermographic Printing 1.2.1. Thermal Print Transducers 1.2.2. Resistive Ribbon Technology 1.2.3. Imaging Materials and Mechanisms 1.2.4. Comparison of Thermal Technologies 1.3. Ink‐Jet Printing 1.3.1. Continuous Ink Jet 1.3.2. Impulse (Drop‐on‐Demand) Ink Jet 1.3.3. Ink‐Jet Nozzle Orifice 1.3.4. Ink‐Jet Inks 1.3.5. Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks 1.3.6. Color Printing with Ink Jets 2. Technical Copying 2.1. Diazotyping 2.1.1. Photolysis 2.1.2. Coupling Reaction 2.1.3. Production of Diazotyping Material 2.1.4. Processing 2.2. Other Photochemical Systems 2.3. Silver Process 2.3.1. Black and White Copying Materials Based on Silver Diffusion Transfer Technology 2.3.2. Modern Lithographic Printing Applications 2.3.3. Color‐Copying Materials Based on Dye Diffusion Chemistry 3. Microfilms and Microfiches 3.1. Diazotyping 3.2. Vesicular Film
The article contains sections titled: 1. Office Copying and Printing 1.1. Electrophotography 1.1.1. Photoreceptor 1.1.2. Corotron Charging 1.1.3. Light Exposure 1.1.4. Image Development 1.1.5. Image Transfer and Fusing 1.1.6. Photoreceptor Cleaning and Erase 1.1.7. Other Electrophotographic Imaging Systems 1.2. Thermographic Printing 1.2.1. Thermal Print Transducers 1.2.2. Resistive Ribbon Technology 1.2.3. Imaging Materials and Mechanisms 1.2.4. Comparison of Thermal Technologies 1.3. Ink‐Jet Printing 1.3.1. Continuous Ink Jet 1.3.2. Impulse (Drop‐on‐Demand) Ink Jet 1.3.3. Ink‐Jet Nozzle Orifice 1.3.4. Ink‐Jet Inks 1.3.5. Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks 1.3.6. Color Printing with Ink Jets 2. Technical Copying 2.1. Diazotyping 2.1.1. Photolysis 2.1.2. Coupling Reaction 2.1.3. Production of Diazotyping Material 2.1.4. Processing 2.2. Other Photochemical Systems 2.3. Silver Process 2.3.1. Black and White Copying Materials Based on Silver Diffusion Transfer Technology 2.3.2. Modern Lithographic Printing Applications 2.3.3. Color‐Copying Materials Based on Dye Diffusion Chemistry 3. Microfilms and Microfiches 3.1. Diazotyping 3.2. Vesicular Film
A shift in the measured frequency position of the current minimum drawn by a resonance probe near the plasma frequency is shown to be caused by a difference in ion and electron directed velocities in a lowdensity arc-heated wind tunnel.In a uniform stationary plasma a resonance probe draws a minimum current at the plasma frequency if (v c /vp )2«1, where Vp is the plasma frequency and Vc is the electron-neutral collision frequency.l.2 However, in a free molecular flowing plasma in which the electron and ion directed velocities Vand V+ are not equal, the frequency position of the minimum current drawn to a planar probe is shifted even if (v c/vp )2«1 unless none of the directed particles impinge on the probe surface. The frequency shift in this case is given bywhere w= 211"v, Vm is the frequency at the mmlmum current, m is the electron mass, e is the electron charge, and Eo is the magnitude of the alternating electric field in the plasma. The derivation of (1) is based on impedance calculations and follows Ref. 1 from this journal closely. The plasma impedance can be written aswhere C p is the plasma capacitance and the specific impedance Z= flu. E is the dielectric constant and 1 f 1 = 1; u is the conductivity inwhere E= Eo exp(iwt) and the second term is the displacement current. The first term in Eq. (3) is based on the Langevin equation with no magnetic field, m{d[V-(t) J/dt} +mvc V-(t) = -eEo exp(iwt). (4) From Eq. (4) one obtains by integration V-(t) = -(elm) [1/ (vc+iw) JEo exp(iwt) +C, (5)
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