“…Research on the use of android smartphones for science learning has been carried out, such as the use of learning android smartphones by creating virtual laboratories (Arista & Kuswanto, 2018), augmented reality to teach the concept of the human circulatory system (Gnidovec et al, 2020) and macromolecular concepts (Lee & Tucker-Kellogg, 2020), as well as android learning media to teach acid and base concepts (Kaukaba & Lutfi, 2022).…”