ABCG8 Gene Responses to 8 Weeks Treadmill Running With or Without Pistachia atlantica (Baneh) Extraction in Female Rats

Abstract

BackgroundIt is well established that the excess cellular cholesterol concentration, as well as high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol levels are strongly correlated with the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a term used to describe the efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. ABCG8 is a member of ABCG family that play a critical role in this process.ObjectivesThe current study was conducted to investigate the effect of endurance exercise with or without Pistachia atlantica (Baneh) extraction on small intestine and kidney ABCG8 gene, also plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, and estrogen levels in female rats.Materials and MethodsIn this study twenty Wistar female rats (six to eight weeks old, 125-135 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly assigned into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and further divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Baneh-control (BC), and Baneh-training (BT) groups. Training groups was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 25 m/min (0% grade) for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for eight weeks. Animals were fed orally with Baneh extraction and saline for four week. After the last training session, rats were sacrificed, small intestine and kidney were excised, and ABCG8 expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a one way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05. Correlation was calculated using the Pearson Product Moment correlation.ResultsExercise increased (P < 0.01) and Baneh reduced intestinal ABCG8 mRNA (P < 0.05). In kidney tissue, there wasn’t significant change between the groups (P < 0.40). Plasma HDL-C level was increased by exercise (P < 0.05) and decreased by Baneh (P < 0.02) that was correlated by intestine ABCG8 (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). Plasma TG and TC were unchanged, but glucose and estradiol were increased and decreased in Baneh groups (P < 0.02), respectively.ConclusionsOur study shows that exercise increases intestinal ABCG8 mRNA, and Baneh can increase plasma glucose concentration and reduce ABCG8 expression, HDL-C, and estrogen levels probably due to high fatty acid components.

Effects of a fixed-intensity of endurance training and pistacia atlantica supplementation on ATP-binding cassette G4 expression

“…Our results confirmed the previous findings and indicated that ABCG4 was also expressed in rat liver, kidney and visceral fat tissues, and the ABCG4 expression levels were lower in both control and trained Baneh treated tissues compared to their counterpart tissues treated by saline. Our GC-MS data analysis suggested that a lower ABCG4 expression in Baneh-treated tissues might be attributed to a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly elaidic acid in Baneh extract, which were partially in agreement with the previous reports [20,22,37,48]. de Vogel-dan den Bouch et al .…”

Effects of endurance training and herb supplementation on tissue nesfatin-1/nucleobindin-2 and ghrelin mRNA expression

“…We found a lower and significant increase plasma HDL-C in saline trained rats and alower HDL-C concentrations in Bane-treated rats. Our data are consistent with previously reported results elsewhere [9,[48][49][50]82] …”

“…In relation to the ghrelin response to herbal plants most of research fouced on the effects of Rikkunshito is an herbal medicine (in Japanes traditional medicine) on ghrelin secretion in human and animal subjects [41][42][43][44] Anacardiaceae family has been reported to be rich in essential fatty acids and antioxidants being found in nuts and it has also been measured that total amount of essential oils obtained from Pistachio-atlantica was higher than that from any other Pistachio species [45][46][47]. The effects of an aqueous extraction of pistachia-atlantica on HDL transporter factors such as ABCG8 and ABCG4 in female rats small intestine and kidney and also its effect on small intestine nesfatin-1 and visfatin with or without exercise have been reported elsewhere [40,[48][49][50]. With consider to the somewhat controversial reports and also the potential of ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 responses to any positive /negative change in energy balance, high-fat diet, and nutrients ,the present study was …”

Exercise training increased gene expression of LDL-R and PCSK9 in intestine: link to transintestinal cholesterol excretion

“…In regard to exercise training, there is inconsistency in previous reports on the expression of cholesterol transporters at the intestinal apical side. Some authors reported an increase in intestinal ABCG8 gene and protein expression in treadmill-trained female rats compared to female Sed rats (Ghanbari-Niaki et al 2012). On the other hand, reduced ABCG8 gene expression was observed in the ileum of exercise-trained female rats compared to Sed female rat (Ngo Sock et al 2014b) probably due to a reduced need to efflux cholesterol back to the lumen as a consequence of lower cholesterol absorption (Wilund et al 2008).…”