Abdominal Adiposity in Six Populations of West African Descent: Prevalence and Population Attributable Fraction of Hypertension

Okosun, IS; Te, Forrester; Cn, Rotimi; Bo, Osotimehin; Wf, Muna; Cooper, Richelle J.

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00433.x

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As an illustration of such environmental influence, African Americans have been shown to have higher prevalence of hypertension than their genetically related native Africans living in Africa. 32 A clear demonstration of the influence of genetic factors on blood pressure level is the high prevalence of hypertension among Whites than Black native South Africans, the prevalence rate among the latter, being similar to the value obtained in this report. 1 In this report, prehypertension and hypertension were associated with factors that have been previously documented.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…1 In this report, prehypertension and hypertension were associated with factors that have been previously documented. 8,17,18,24,25,27,32,33 However, our results interestingly demonstrated early onset of prehypertension in life as well as its link with abdominal adiposity and markers of genetic predisposition to high blood pressure including parental hypertension or diabetes. Hypertension, on the other hand tends to begin later in life and more strongly linked with glucose tolerance abnormalities and established environmental determinants of high blood pressure, particularly obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

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Prevalence, associated factors and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension: a study of two ethnic African populations in Northern Nigeria

et al. 2010

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To determine the prevalence and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension, we studied 782 ethnic Hausa and Fulanis (men, 409; women, 373) aged 38.9 ± 13.9 years recruited by multistage cluster sampling. Demographic, anthropometry, metabolic and JNC VII-based blood pressure categories were obtained and analysed using univariate and multivariate models. The prevalence rates of prehypertension and hypertension were 58.7% (men 59.2%, women 58.2%) and 24.8% (men 25.9%, women 23.6%), respectively. Only 16.5% of the population had JNC VII defined optimum blood pressure. Compared to hypertension, prehypertension had earlier onset (second versus third decade) and peak (fourth versus fifth decade) of life. The peak and trough prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension, respectively were observed in the 5th decade of life. Obesity, abnormalities of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were the major factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension. Multivariate analysis identified obesity and impaired glucose tolerance as independent predictors of hypertension. Of those with hypertension, 13.9% were aware of their high blood pressure status of which 85.7% were commenced on treatment and 12.5% achieved blood pressure control. Overall, 1.5% of the study population had blood pressure o140/90 mm Hg. It is concluded that less than 20% of people of Hausa and Fulani ethnicities had optimum blood pressure. These are predominantly in their second decade of life suggesting that rise in blood pressure begins early in this population. The fifth decade of life may represent a period of transition from prehypertension to hypertension.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Prevalence, associated factors and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension: a study of two ethnic African populations in Northern Nigeria

et al. 2010

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“…However, imaging techniques are impracticable in large epidemiological studies because they are arduous and expensive. In view of these disadvantages, the waist-hip ratio (WHR) remains the dominantly used alternative to imaging technique 11 irrespective of the fact that recent epidemiological data describe waist circumference (WC) as a better predictor of CVDs than WHR as it correlates better with the levels of visceral adiposity and reflects the aggregation of the body fat and its distribution. More so, it is devoid of some of the pitfalls observed with WHR such as lower sensitivity to weight gain, its greater variability across age, sex and ethnic group and its greater computational complexity and interpretation in a public health context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between central obesity and blood pressure in an adult Nigerian population

Onuoha

Ebirim

Ajonuma

et al. 2016

JMH

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Background: Obesity has been recognised as a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of central obesity [using waist–hip ratio (WHR) as an indicator] and the correlation between central obesity and blood pressure (BP) in adults seen in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional design carried out between February and November 2015 at the General Outpatient Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. A total of 482 consenting adults aged 16–40 years formed the study population. Consecutive sampling was used in the recruitment of subjects, whereas data were collected by the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the study population was 25.37 ± 5.49, whereas the mean WHR for men and women was 0.83 ± 0.04 and 0.82 ± 0.05, respectively. The prevalence of central obesity in the study population was 39.4% (n = 190). Female respondents had a higher prevalence (59.2%) than male respondents (8.5%), and the relationship between central obesity and sex was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between WHR and BP (diastolic BP: r = 0.122, p = 0.008; systolic BP: r = 0.015, p = 0.742) in both sexes. Obese respondents were observed to be more likely to develop hypertension than the non-obese respondents.Conclusion: This study showed a correlation between central obesity and BP in adults aged 16–40 years.

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“…Originally described as gynoid and android obesity, 13 abdominal fat deposit (abdominal obesity) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, stroke, insulin resistance, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris and hypertension. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Abdominal obesity is also associated with increased risk of overall mortality in some population. 20 Truncal fat deposit (truncal obesity) is linked with many factors of the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

et al. 2006

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The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of regional fat localizations defined as abdominal (AO) or truncal (TO) obesity in racial/ethnic differences to the prevalence odds of hypertension in overweight American adults. Data (n ¼ 5694) from the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this analysis. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference X102 and X88 cm for men and women, respectively. Truncal obesity was defined using ratio of subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness and were X2.24 and X1.32, for men and women, respectively. Prevalence odds ratios from gender-specific logistic regression models were used to evaluate the contribution of regional fat localizations to racial/ethnic variation in hypertension. Statistical adjustment was made for age, education, alcohol intake and body mass index. In both men and women, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with much higher prevalence odds of hypertension than association due to each of the regional fat localizations. In men, coexistence of AO and TO was associated with 1.99, 2.47 and 2.10 increased prevalence odds of hypertension in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The corresponding values in women were 2.83, 4.07 and 3.61 in Whites, Blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively. The coexistence of AO and TO appears to be the culprit that contributes to high blood pressure on top of body mass index. Weight reduction programs that are targeted toward abdominal and truncal regions in at-risk populations and along racial/ethnic lines may help to alleviate racial/ethnic disparity in risk of hypertension.

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Abdominal Adiposity in Six Populations of West African Descent: Prevalence and Population Attributable Fraction of Hypertension

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence, associated factors and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension: a study of two ethnic African populations in Northern Nigeria

Prevalence, associated factors and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension: a study of two ethnic African populations in Northern Nigeria

Correlation between central obesity and blood pressure in an adult Nigerian population

Regional fat localizations and racial/ethnic variations in odds of hypertension in at-risk American adults

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