Abdominal and lower extremity muscles activity and thickness in typically developing children and children with developmental delay

Abstract

We investigated abdominal and lower extremity muscle activity and thickness in typically developing children and children with developmental delays. A total of 35 children participated: typically developing peers (n = 13), children with hypotonia (n = 10), and children with spasticity (n = 12). Muscle activity and thickness were measured at rest and during activity. Electromyography was used to measure abdominal and lower extremity muscle activities, and abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasonography. There was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the rectus abdominis and quadriceps muscles at rest and during activity (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the thickness of the external oblique and transversus abdominis muscles during activity (<i>P</i> < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the groups in the thickness of the external oblique and internal oblique muscles in the sitting position (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Therefore, the characteristics of muscle tone should be considered when applying interventions to children with developmental delay.

Developmentally delayed children with different muscle tone have different muscle activity and acceleration during sit-to-stand

“…In this study, it is thought that DD children with hypertonia made movements through compensation because the base of support was narrow during STS, making it difficult to control RA effectively. DD children with hypotonia and TD children show similar abdominal muscle contraction ( Ha and Sung, 2022 ). Peredo and Hannibal (2009) reported that DD children with hypotonia exhibit mild muscle weakness.…”

Effect of a Tailored Physiotherapy Rehabilitation on Developmental Delay Primary to Non-communicating Hydrocephalus: A Case Study

“…Genetic predisposition, coupled with acquired risk factors, can accelerate ventricular enlargement. Primary hydrocephalus can also stem from developmental disorders linked to central nervous system birth defects, such as neural tube defects, arachnoid cysts, Dandy-Walker syndrome, and Chiari malformations [8,9]. Developmental delay is typically identified when a child fails to achieve developmental milestones at the anticipated times in comparison to their peers [10], indicating a delay in any dimension of functioning at the expected age [11].…”

“…Genetic predisposition, coupled with acquired risk factors, can accelerate ventricular enlargement. Primary hydrocephalus can also stem from developmental disorders linked to central nervous system birth defects, such as neural tube defects, arachnoid cysts, Dandy-Walker syndrome, and Chiari malformations [ 8 , 9 ].…”