Abdominal aortic aneurysms part one: Epidemiology, presentation and preoperative considerations

Hellawell, Holly N; Mostafa, Ahmed M H A M; Kyriacou, Harry; Sumal, Anoop S; Boyle, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1177/1750458920954014

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Aortic aneurysm (AA) refers to a pathologic dilation of the aortic wall up to 1.5 times its normal diameter, with a tendency to further expand and rupture ( Hellawell et al, 2021 ). The mortality rate among patients with AA reaches 81%, including pre- and in-hospital deaths, thus underscoring its severe nature.…”

Section: Inflamm-aging and CV Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging

Puspitasari

Ministrini

Schwarz

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The improvements in healthcare services and quality of life result in a longer life expectancy and a higher number of aged individuals, who are inevitably affected by age-associated cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This challenging demographic shift calls for a greater effort to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related CV diseases to identify new therapeutic targets to cope with the ongoing aging "pandemic". Essential for protection against external pathogens and intrinsic degenerative processes, the inflammatory response becomes dysregulated with aging, leading to a persistent state of low-grade inflammation known as inflamm-aging. Of interest, inflammation has been recently recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of CV diseases, suggesting inflamm-aging as a possible driver of age-related CV afflictions and a plausible therapeutic target in this context. This review discusses the molecular pathways underlying inflamm-aging and their involvement in CV disease. Moreover, the potential of several anti-inflammatory approaches in this context is also reviewed.

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Section: Inflamm-aging and CV Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age is one of the most relevant risk factors for AA. Indeed, the risk of developing AA increases significantly, up to 40% above 65 years of age ( Hellawell et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Inflamm-aging and CV Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging

Puspitasari

Ministrini

Schwarz

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…The most common forms of aortic aneurysms are abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). AAAs, the more prevalent form of aortic aneurysm, are typically associated with advanced age and AS, with risk factors including hyper-cholesterolaemia, hypertension and/or diabetes ( 49 ). On the other hand, TAAs occur in all age groups and are more closely associated with hereditary factors and do not necessarily show close association with major identified risk factors for CV disease (e.g., hyper-cholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes etc.)…”

Section: Ecm Degradation and Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AAA pathophysiology is driven mainly by the progressive degradation and loss of ECM structures in the aorta wall, a process driven by the chronic inflammatory milieu in the tissue ( 48 , 49 ). Therefore, successful AAA treatment strategy must attenuate inflammation, inhibit proteolytic activity, and provide an active stimulus to tropoelastin synthesis and elastic fiber assembly and crosslinking in the aneurysm wall ( 10 ).…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Major Vascular Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders

Sajeesh

Dahal

Bastola

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex and dynamic framework for cells, characterized by tissue-specific biophysical, mechanical, and biochemical properties. ECM components in vascular tissues provide structural support to vascular cells and modulate their function through interaction with specific cell-surface receptors. ECM–cell interactions, together with neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones and mechanical forces imposed by blood flow, modulate the structural organization of the vascular wall. Changes in the ECM microenvironment, as in post-injury degradation or remodeling, lead to both altered tissue function and exacerbation of vascular pathologies. Regeneration and repair of the ECM are thus critical toward reinstating vascular homeostasis. The self-renewal and transdifferentiating potential of stem cells (SCs) into other cell lineages represents a potentially useful approach in regenerative medicine, and SC-based approaches hold great promise in the development of novel therapeutics toward ECM repair. Certain adult SCs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess a broader plasticity and differentiation potential, and thus represent a viable option for SC-based therapeutics. However, there are significant challenges to SC therapies including, but not limited to cell processing and scaleup, quality control, phenotypic integrity in a disease milieu in vivo, and inefficient delivery to the site of tissue injury. SC-derived or -inspired strategies as a putative surrogate for conventional cell therapy are thus gaining momentum. In this article, we review current knowledge on the patho-mechanistic roles of ECM components in common vascular disorders and the prospects of developing adult SC based/inspired therapies to modulate the vascular tissue environment and reinstate vessel homeostasis in these disorders.

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“…The patient presentation of a AAA can vastly vary, making it a difficult diagnosis [3,4]. Few patients with AAA or ruptured AAA present with the classic triad of abdominal pain, hypotension, and pulsatile mass [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. Therefore, the diagnosis of a AAA may be missed or delayed, with potentially disastrous results [3,4,[10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Patient Weight, Age, or Gender Correlate With the Ability to Visualize the Distal Aorta on Bedside Aortic Ultrasounds in the Emergency Department?

Bryczkowski¹,

Mody²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) have a varied presentation, which often makes the diagnosis difficult. The most common location for an AAA is in the infra-renal or distal aorta, which can be difficult to visualize using bedside ultrasound.Objective: This study was designed to identify if a patient's weight, gender, or age influenced our ability to visualize the distal aorta on bedside abdominal aortic ultrasound scans.Methods: All aortic scans completed in the Emergency Department (ED) from September 2010 to September 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients 21 years and older were included. Scans missing age, gender, or self-reported weight were excluded.Results: 500 aortic scans were included. The distal aorta was visualized in 393 scans (78.6%). The mid aorta was visualized in 417 scans (83.4%). The proximal aorta was visualized in 454 scans (90.8%). For the distal aorta, the average weight for visualized versus not visualized was 75.7 kg versus 79.7 kg. For the proximal aorta, the average weight for visualized versus not visualized was 75.8 kg versus 84.0 kg. Weight significantly predicted the ability to visualize the proximal aorta (unadjusted p=0.0098, adjusted p=0.0095) and marginally predicted the ability to visualize the distal aorta (unadjusted p=0.071, adjusted p=0.019). Neither age (unadjusted p=0.13, adjusted p=0.052) nor gender (unadjusted p=0.74, adjusted p=0.40) was significantly associated with visualization.Conclusion: There is no clinically significant difference in the ability to visualize a patient's distal aorta with bedside ultrasound based on a patient's body weight, gender, or age.

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Abdominal aortic aneurysms part one: Epidemiology, presentation and preoperative considerations

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging

Modern Concepts in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflamm-Aging

Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders

Does Patient Weight, Age, or Gender Correlate With the Ability to Visualize the Distal Aorta on Bedside Aortic Ultrasounds in the Emergency Department?

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