Abdominal cocoon associated with tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease

Abstract

Abdominal cocoon is a rare acquired condition in which there is encapsulation of the small bowel by a fibrous membrane. The authors describe a case wherein an organism was identified for the first time. The clinical, pathological and radiological features of this unusual disease are reviewed. Peritoneal encapsulation, a related subject, is also discussed.

Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome

“…Primary abdominal cocoon occurs mainly in young women from tropical and subtropical zones. Although retrograde menstruation with or without viral infection of the fallopian tubes has been suggested as a possible etiology [7,8], it does not account for the occasional occurrence of abdominal cocoon in males [2]. Secondary abdominal cocoon is apparently associated with predisposing factors, such as recurrent peritonitis, intake of intraperitoneal irritants, including antibiotics and beta blockers, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever, carcinoid syndrome, exposure to asbestos, and autoimmune disease [7,9].…”

“…It was first described by Owtschinnikow in 1907 as "peritonitis chronica fibrosa incapsulata" [2] and termed "abdominal cocoon" by Foo in 1978 [2,3] .It is characterized by a complete or partial encasement of the small bowel by a thick and fibrotic membrane (cocoons) The loops within the cocoon are normal and adherent to each other. Abdominal cocoon generally presents as recurrent acute or sub acute intestinal obstruction with or without a mass [4].…”

Mucormycosis—A Possible Trigger Pathogen for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis

“…However, complications have been reported with prolonged embedding of PD catheters (3,4). In particular, bowel perforation has been noted (5,6), but no reports of uterine perforation have been published.…”

Review of the Literature and Description of a Case of Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis Requiring Home Parenteral Nutrition

“…The most common identified cause of this rare condition is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis but other causes like beta blockers could be a cause as well (Table 1) [7][8]. Other associations reported in the literature include ovarian thecomas, tuberculous pelvic inflammatory disease, ventriculoperitonealshunts, systemic lupus erythematosus, orthotopic liver transplantation, protein S deficiency, ovarian cysts, keratoconjunctivitis sicca syndrome and various beta adrenergic blocking agents [3,5,[9][10][11][12][13].…”